Ni/NiSO4//CuSO4/u Zn/Zn SO4//CuSO4/u
Cd/CdSO4//CuSO4/u Zn/ZnSO4//NiSO4/Ni
, , . , . . . , . . , .
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12
, % | |||
2. - :
r(N3)3 + 2S4 + I2 + H2O = 2r27 + I + 2S4 + N3
) 2 (III) 1 2 . (III) , ?
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) , 3 4 . ? - ?
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1. ?
2. ?
3. ?
4. ?
5. ?
6. ?
7. () ?
8. ? .
9. ? 10. , , . , , .
11. g2+ 0,1; 0,01 0,001 /.
12. 1) . 2) , . 3) . 4) , 0,01 /, 0,001 /.
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|
Li, Al, Pb, Co | Al, Cs, Ni, Pb | Ag, Mn, Fe, Ca | Al, Mg, Fe,Ti | ||||
Ba, Ag, Pb, Sn | K, Co, Ca, Pt | Mg, Mn, Cu, K | Hg, Mn, Cd, Li | ||||
Hg, Mn, Fe, Ca | Bi, Na, Cr, Cu | Ni, Pb, Pt, Sn | V, Fe, Zn, Sb | ||||
Zn, Fe, Mo, Ni | Ca, Co, Cu, Cd | Ba, Bi, Mg, Ag | K, Bi, Mn, Ag | ||||
Rb, Cu, Pb, Pt | V, Sb, Tl, Ag | Co, Cu, K, Au | Cs, Ca, K, Al |
8
˲
. - , . , , , , . . , . , , . . :
NaCl ⇄ Na+ + Cl
() : Na + ē = Na (+) : 2Cl 2ē = Cl2
. :
1. , , . , , Au+, Ag+, Cu2+, . ³ : Mez++ zē =Me.
2. , , , , ( Mn2+ Sn2+). ó ( ) 2+ + 2ē = 2
( )
22 + 2ē = 2 + 2
3. , , ( Li+ Al3+) . : 22 + 2ē = 2 + 2
, pH .
, , , -, - . -:
4 = 2 + 22 + 4ē 0 = 0,401 ;
, SO42, NO3, ClO3, PO43: 2H2O = O2 + 4H+ + 4ē E0 = 1,228 B
:
S2-, I-, Br-, Cl-, OH-, H2O | SO , NO , ClO , PO |
: Me = Mez+ + zē
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ʳ : , , , , , , . :
m = ME I t/F,
m , ; ME ; I ; t ; F (96485 /), , .