.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


. 4




22. (, , ). .

23. .

24. ղV .

25. .

26. ( 䳿). .

27. .

28. . .

29. ̳ . .

30. ( ӖӲ .).

31. .

32. .

33. .

34. : , .

35. 䳿 Ӳ- .

36. ϳ 볿 (VV .).

37. . .

38. , .

39. .

40. . ..

41. , .

42. 볿, . . г . .

43. ( , , ).

44. 볿 ( Ӳ ղ .). . . г.

45. ( Ӳ ղ .). . . . .

46. (. ) (. г) .

47. 쳿.

48. : , .

49. XIX - XX .

50. .

51. ղՖ . .

52. 볿 ղՖ . . ..

53. ղՖ .

54. 1848 . 1861. . .

55. (6070- ղ .) .

56. - (. . , . . -, . . , . . ϳ) .

57. ղՖ . .

58. . .

59. (19291933 .) . .. .

60. 2030 . . .. .

61. 1929-1933 ͳ. .

62. - . . , . .

63. 5070- .

64. 5070- .

65. - . . .

66. - 50-70- . .

67. ͳ .

68. ղ . .

69. .

70. - 60- . Ֆ ղ . .

71. . . .

72. .

73. ղ .

74. .

75. - .

76. , . ..

77. .

78. .

79. (19171991 .).

80. 20- .

81. - 20-30-

82. , - .

83. - .

84. 60- . (1965 .), .

85. 70- 80- .

86. .

87. 6090- . .

88. .

89. - .

90. (19911994 .).

91. ( 90- ).

92. 90- .


̲

........................................................................................................3

 

1.
..................................................................... 6

1.
......................................................................................6

2. .......................................................8

3. ..................14

4.
................................................15

......................................................................21

......................................................................21

......................................................................................21

...........................................................................................................21

.....................................................................................23

 

2. ² ϲ
ֲ ϲ Ͳ ²˲ֲ ...................
23

1.
........................................................................................23

2. ............................................30

3. ..............................................34

......................................................................38

......................................................................38

......................................................................................38

...........................................................................................................39

.....................................................................................39

 

3. Ҳ
̲ί в
² ²˲ֲ (VIII . ..V . . .).....................
40

1.
....................................................................................40

2. ......................44

3. ..49

......................................................................58

......................................................................59

......................................................................................59

...........................................................................................................59

.....................................................................................60

 

4. ̲
ϲ ί ²˲ֲ в ²
61

1. .
................................................................... 62

2. . .......................... 65

3. ....................... 68

4. ......................................... 70

...................................................................... 73

...................................................................... 74

...................................................................................... 74

........................................................................................................... 74

..................................................................................... 75

 

5. ί
̲ ί ²˲ֲ
(VI vii .)...............................................................
75

1.
................................................................................................... 75

2. .................................................. 79

3. -
............................................................................... 84

4.
........................................................................... 87

...................................................................... 91

...................................................................... 92

...................................................................................... 92

........................................................................................................... 92

..................................................................................... 93

 

6. в ֲ
( VII I .)
................................ 94

1.
............................................................................. 94

2. ,
........................................................................................... 105

3. ...................... 108

4. ......................................................... 129

...................................................................... 138

...................................................................... 139

...................................................................................... 139

........................................................................................................... 139

.......................................................................................142

 

7. ղί
²˲ֲ в ˲
ϲ˲...................................................................................... .
142

1.
ղ
...............................................................................................143

2. .
.............................148

3. 쳿
.......................................................................... 156

4. ................................... 158

.................................................................... 162

.................................................................... 163

.................................................................................... 163

......................................................................................................... 163

................................................................................... 164

 

8. Ҳ
Ͳ ̲ί
Ͳ ( ղ . .) ....
165

1.
.................................................... 165

2. 쳿,
.......................................................................... 171

.................................................................... 178

.................................................................... 179

.................................................................................... 179

......................................................................................................... 179

................................................................................... 180

 

9. ̲ в -˲ ϲ ί ²˲ֲ ( .) ............................................ 181

1. .................................. 181

2. 20- ..
. ......................................................................................... 183

3. 19291933 ...................................... 186

4. . , . ...... 190

5. . . ................................................ 193

.................................................................... 197

.................................................................... 197

.................................................................................... 198

......................................................................................................... 198

................................................................................... 200

 

10. ֲ ̲
ղί ²˲ֲ ̲ ²
ϲ -Ͳί
ֲ ( .) ....................................................
200

1. ..................200

2.
.
................................................................................ 203

3.
5070- ............................................................................... 207

4. 5070-
.: , , , 211

.................................................................... 225

.................................................................... 225

.................................................................................... 225

......................................................................................................... 226

................................................................................... 227

 

11. ² Ͳ
̲ί ϲ ֲ-
òί ֲ (Ֆ ղ .) .....
228

1.
Ֆ ղ ................................................................... 228

2.
................................................ 232

3. -
Ֆ ղ .
................................................................................................ 234

4. . ............ 236

5. Ֆ
ղ .................................................................................... 241

6. ............................ 242

.................................................................... 246

.................................................................... 247

.................................................................................... 247

......................................................................................................... 247

................................................................................... 249

 

12. ̲ ί ̲ί
̲Ͳ ֲ ...................................
250

1.
........................................................... 250

2. -
....................................... 258

3. ..
........................................... 268

.................................................................... 275

.................................................................... 276

.................................................................................... 276

......................................................................................................... 276

................................................................................... 277

13.
Ͳ (90- .) ...........................
278

1.
............................................................................................. 278

2.
(19911994 .)....................................................................................... 280

3.
90- ................................................................................................. 284

4.
....................................... 286

.................................................................... 290

.................................................................... 290

.................................................................................... 290

......................................................................................................... 290

................................................................................... 292

 

. ............................................... 293

 

. .......................................... 310

 

. ......................................................... 319

 

. .................................. 326

 

 


 

ղŪ

Ͳ

볿

²

ղ

볿

˲

ϲ ³

 

 

 

. . . . , . . . .

 





:


: 2016-07-29; !; : 359 |


:

:

, .
==> ...

1709 - | 1519 -


© 2015-2024 lektsii.org - -

: 0.084 .