2.2. n V, :
1) V n ;
2) n + 1 V .
V dim V = n, V n - . , . , .
n - V n .
:
1) R 3 . R 2 ;
2) n - Rn , ,
1 = (1, 0, , 0), 2 = (0, 1, 0, , 0), , n = (0, , 0, 1).
1. ?
2. .
3. ( )?
4. ?
5. .
6. .
, . , . (16431727) (16461716), .
.
X Y y. Î Χ Î Υ, = f (x), , = f (x) Y. Î Χ , Î Υ . , .
: = f (x), y = F (x), y = (), = φ() . . , = f (x) = , f (a).
: , .
. , = 2 , = lg x, = .
= f (x), , .
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F (x; y) = 0. , , 0 Î Χ F (x 0; y) = 0 . 0. 0 Î Χ 0, = (), , F (x; y (x)) º 0 Î Χ. = (), , , .
, 3 + 2 5 = 0 = − + . 2 + 2 = R 2 = = − .
. , . .
. = f (x) (x; f (x)) , . .
= f (u), u = φ() , = f (u) u = φ(), φ , = f (u), u = φ(). ,
y = f (φ(x))
φ f. , = u 2, u = sin x, = sin2 x .
: = ( = const), = ( = const), = loga x (a = const). . , . , = lg sin x, y = x 2 + cos x, y = 3lgcos x + sin x .