. :
- ;
- ;
- ;
- ;
- ;
. , , . , : , , .. .
. ³ : , , . ' .
; :
=
- ' ,
:
=
1 =
=
:
D DЮ1
DϮDϮ 1
' :
D + D = D
³ . : , .
:
- ;
- ;
:
= /
= /
= /
D = -
D = 1
DԮ 1
:
= / +
1 = / +
2 = / +
1 = / +
-
®1 1
Ѯ1- 2
D= 1
, , , . :
|
|
|
= ××z×g
= 1 Z G / Z Go
= 1 1 Z G / 1 Z Go
z = 1 1 Z1 G / 1 1 Z Go
g = 1 1 Z1 G1 / 1 1 Z1 Go
= z g = 1
.
. ³ , : = (a-b)×c = a(b-c)
, .
:
y = a × b × c × d
, . :
DyDa = (a1 ao)× bo × co × do
DyDb = a1× (b1- bo) × co × do
DyDc = a1× b1× (c1- co) × do
DyDd = a1× b1× c1× (d1 d2)
: y = (a-b)c. ³ . , .
, = ´´, :
D% = / ´100%
D% = / ´100%
D% = / ´100%
:
D = ´ D% / 100
D = ( + D)D% / 100
D = ( + D + Db)D% / 100
, (8-10)
. , . , ' 䳿 , .
' , . , , =/Sճ. , ; , , 䳿 , 䳿 . :
F = XY
DFx = DXYo + 1/2DXDY
|
|
|
DFy = DYXo + DXDY
. .
