.
, , , .. .
. (.2.1), v(t)=1(t).
. 2.1
:
- , (2.1)
, ;
- ( ), ,
, (2.2)
- , ;
- ;
- , 0,9h ;
- tm.
, t - .
, , . , , , .. . [1]. .
. - - .
, (-1,j0). ( W(jω)) (2.2,,).
, (2.3)
h,
. (2.4)
ωπ ω.
ΔL = 20lg h = - 20lg |W(jωπ)|. (2.5)
|
|
|
h(ΔL) . 3070; h = 210 ( ).
|
|
( k, Ti, τ .) , , [6].
L(ω) , , -20 /. ( ), (. 2.2,). 1,5÷2 90, , . [1]
s,% ≈ 70 Δφ, 30 < Δφ <70. (2.6)
tp ω
. (2.7)
- (ω) (jω) .
(2.8)
|W(jω)| = R(ω) - .
( 2.2,) . L (ω) = 20lg R (ω) , R (ω) >> 1,
L(ω)<<0, R(ω)<<1,
, (ω) , , , . , Δφ. (ω) Δφ.
1. Δφ=90=π/2, φ(ω)=-π/2, (.2.3,). Δφ=90, , σ,%=0, (ω)
(.2.3,, 1).
. 2.3
2. Δφ=60=π/3; σ,% ≈10; φ(ω) = -120; |1+e | = 1 ( ). (ω) (. 2.3,, 2).
3. Δφ<60; σ,%>10; (ω)>1; (ω) (.2.3,, 3). , max . = max / (0), . , k , (0) = 1, = max. , ,
1,1 ≤ ≤ 1,5. (2.9)
0 ÷ ω. ω, , , (ωn) = 0,707 (0).
tp . (2.7), , (2.9) ω ω.
|
|
. , .. ,
, 2.10)
( ), [1].
, , .. .
. 2.11)
(2.11) : .
, . (2.12)
(2.12) , (.. ), , (). , - .
(2.12) - , ,
(2.13)
, .
, .
. (2.14)
. , , .
, , [5]
. (2.15) , (2.15), . .
(.2.4,) - (.2.4,) .
. 2.4
. ,
( ), (2.16)
[5]. (.2.4,)
[4]
. (2.17)
.
, . . ( ), . :
, , .
J1 J2 .2.5, .. J1 J2 - .
. 2.5
J3 , .
, . . , .