1. , ' 1 3 , . . , , .
:
H2O
V= 1 3 = 10-93
______________
N ? m1 ? d ?
. N , m, NA n
n = m/m, m , N = (m / m) NA. ' V,
(1)
, , m = 18 . 10-3 /,
r = 1,0.103 /3
.
m1
(2)
ϳ (2) m NA,
.
, , ' V1 = d3, d .
(3)
' V1 , ' 
, N
(4)
ϳ (4) (3),
,
V 
= m / r.
. (5)
2. (SO2), ' 25 27 101 .
:
SO2
V = 25 = 25.10-3 3
t = 27C
P = 101 = 1,01.105
___________________
m ?
.
.
뺺 
T = t + 273 = 27 + 273 = 300 K.
3. 80 300 . 10 , 15. , .
:
O2
m1 = 80 = 8.10-2
r
m2 = 300 = 3.10-1
t = 15 C
P = 10 = 1,01.106
_____________________
V ?
. , . , , , .
p1 p2
, p = p1 + p2
ᒺ
(1)
Ѳ , : m1 = 0,08 ; m1 = 32.10-3 /; m2 = 0,3 ; m2 = 40.10 -3 /; p = 10.1,01. 105 ; T = 288K; R = 8,31 /( . ).
ϳ (1)
4. 130, , 4 .
|
|
|
:
O2
m = 4 = 4.10-3
t = 13C
_____________
e ? W ?
. ³, ,
(1)
k ;
T .
( ) ,
(2)
ϳ (2) k = 1,38 . 10-23 / T =286 K,
.
ʳ
, (3)
N .
N
(4)
NA ;
n .
m ;
,
ʳ (4)
(5)
ϳ N (3),
(6)
, , Ѳ:
-1; 
; 
/;
.
ϳ (6),
5. 2 ? , 0. 29.10-3 /.
:
r1/ r2 = 2
t = 0C
__________
h ?
. ( n) '
r = nm0,
m0 = m / NA ;
m ;
NA .
, r1/r2 n1/n2. ³ n h
,
n0 (h = 0);
Un h Un = m0gh ( h = 0 Un= 0).
h = 0 h
n1 = n0 n2 = n0 e 
.
³
,
NAk = R NAm 0 = .
h
ϳ ,
h = 
= 5,5.10 3.
̲
1.
Q = 
U + A,
Q , ;
U 㳿 ;
A , .
2. ' c Cm
Cm = cm.
3. '
4.
5. ( )
6. ' V1 ' V2
7. :
A = (m / m) RT ln(V2 /V1 );
A = p (V2 - V1 );
,
|
|
|
g = cp / cv .
8. г , '
p g = const TV g-1 = const.
9. 䳿 ()
Q1 , ;
Q2 , .
10.
T1 ;
T2 .
11. ﳿ A
,
ﳿ
.
