| Verb | Noun | Adjective |
| Define | Definition | definable, definitive |
| Demand | Demand | demanding |
| Use | usage, usefulness | useful, useless |
| Collect | collection, collector | collected, collective |
ІІ. READING
Read the text attentively, use a dictionary. Find or check the meaning of the words you don't know.
WHAT IS PHARMACY?
Pharmacy is defined as the art of recognizing, identifying, collecting; selecting, preparing, storing, compounding and dispensing drugs used in preventive or in curative medicine for treating people.
Pharmacy was an integral part of medicine when preparative pharmaceutical techniques were simple. It became an independent branch of medicine when an increasing variety of drugs and their complex compounding demanded specialists familiar with the technique of their compounding. Thus we may define pharmacy as the science of drugs. The word "pharmacy" comes from the Greek word "pharmakon" which in the modern language means "a drug". To the Greeks it was associated with a god or higher being who had the power of affecting people with herbs, infusions, etc.
Pharmacy is as old as man himself. The first primitive man who tried to use a plant in the food and observed that it caused a disease was already in the drug business. In this simple way many drags have been discovered.
The civilization of the past contributed to our present knowledge by the collection of drugs and drug preparations. The old Egyptian texts list many preparations, some components of which are still used in modified form. In these works the important beginning of the science pharmacognosy may be seen. Galen, in the second century A.D. one of the most famous physicians of the past wrote much about drug effects. Even today pharmacists use the word "galenicals" when they speak about simple vegetable extracts.
However, only in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries chemical knowledge advanced to the point at which it could contribute significantly to pharmacology.
The first and the most important was the isolation in relatively pure chemical form of the active constituents of plants. For example, Serturner isolated morphine in 1806 from opium. It took man over 5000 years to make this very important step. The industrial revolution of the last century gave birth to synthetic organic chemistry and established a new branch of knowledge necessary for the synthesis of new drags.
That the drag may affect the organism or may act more selectively was an empirical observation of a primitive man. However, it took many centuries to establish this empirical observation scientifically. Today the biochemical investigation of drug action is as important as the older pharmacodynamic studies.
ІІІ. Post-Reading Activities
1. Read the text again and write out adjectives, which go together with the following nouns. Arrange your findings in the given table.
| Paragraph | Adjective | Noun | Ukrainian |
Paragraph I: medicine Paragraph V: form
Paragraph II: part constituent
technique step
variety Paragraph VI: revolution
specialist chemistry
language branch of knowledge
being Paragraph VII: observation
Paragraph III: pharmacy investigation
man study
way
Paragraph IV: knowledge
beginning
physician
extract
2. Check how well your partner understands the text What is Pharmacy?
by asking him/her the following questions.
1. What is pharmacy?
2. What do you know about the history of pharmacy?
3. What do you know about the derivation of the word "pharmacy"?
4. Did the civilization of the past contribute to our present knowledge?
5. What do you know about Galen?
6. What was the most important step to contribute to pharmacology?
7. What is the role of industrial revolution in the development of a pharmacy?
8. What does the biochemical investigation of drug action provide? 9 What new facts have you found out about your future speciality? 10. Why do we say that pharmacy and medicine develop together?
3. Finish the sentences choosing one of the collocations.
1) Pharmacy became an independent science...
a) when preparative pharmaceutical technique was simple;
b) when the first primitive man tried to use plants in the food;
c) when complex compounding of drugs demanded specialists in pharmacy.
2) The important beginning of the science pharmacognosy may be seen...
a) in a modified form;
b) by their collection of drugs and drug preparations;
c) in the old Egyptian text.
3) It took the civilization over five thousand years...
a) to isolate morphine;
b) to isolate active constituents of crude drugs;
c) to establish the type knowledge necessary for the synthesis of new drugs.
Fill in the table.
| Pharmacy | Definition | History | Word derivations | What the first pharmacist did | Galen | Isolation of mophine |
| What I knew about the topic | ||||||
| What I have learned from the text What Is Pharmacy? |
IV. Speaking.
Read the proverbs. What are they about? Do you know any Ukrainian equivalents? Do you agree with their meaning?
Diet cures more than doctors.
You can't buy health at the pharmacy.
V. Supplement.
