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(the noun ) 2




the Earth s resources -

, , :

piston s motion -

the plane s propellers -

, :

the reports conclusions -

the universitys president -

the book s author -

:

a pin s head -

out of harm s way -

at one s finger s end -

of -, , . :

a kitchen table -

a school bag -

, + , - , :

chicken soup -

calf skin -

, , :

cow s milk -

sheep s wool -

a hen s egg -

, , :

a sheep s heart -

a cow s horn -

. , :

:

My room is bigger than Pete s -

= than Pete s room. .

, , , , , , ( ): St. John s - . ; St. Paul s - . ; Woodworth s - ; the baker s - ; at my sister s - ; at Timothy s - .

of - ( ): He is an old friend of my father s. - .

, .. : to the boy - ; by the boy - ; about the boy - ; in power - ; with a pen - ..

1.5. (The Gender)

, , . , , he - she - . , . c it, , , . :

My father is a doctor. He is a doctor.

- . .

My sister is a student. She is a student.

- . .

The pupil is in the room. He/she is in the room.

/ . / .

The milk is hot. It is hot.

. .

The bag is on the floor. It is on the floor.

. .

The cat is on the table. It is on the table.

. .

( . 3.2.)

, , boy, girl, man, woman, maid, male, female ( ) he, she, Tom, tabby ( ): boy- friend - ; girl- friend - ; man- servant - ; maid- servant - ; male- reader - ; female- reader - ; he- wolf - ; she- wolf - ; Tom- cat - ; tabby- cat .

Man . , man , . : She was chairman of the club. - . chairperson chairman, chairwoman.

, , - ess: actor actress - ; host hostess - ; lion lioness - ; poet poetess- -; steward stewardess - ; tiger tigress - .

1.6.

:

Life was slower in the 19th century. 19 .
(, , ). You did such splendid work. They gave their son good advice. . .
My son is a teacher. .
He found the car without difficulty. She lives in the country. . .
His mother, a doctor, was a popular figure in the town. , , - .

 

(THE ARTICLE)

2.1.

, / . : (the Indefinite Article) (the Definite Article).

: 1) an, , : an apple, an uncle, an hour ( h ); 2) a, , : a tree, a pen.

one , : , , , . . , . :

He gave me a flower/flowers. - /.

I saw admiration in her eyes. - .

se , . :

This is the sort of thing I like. - , .

, , [ð]: the book [ð`buk], , [ði]: the author [ði`כ:θ], the hour [ði`au].

, , . : a wild dirty black cat - ; the long busy street -

, / :

A (an) The
A cat The cat  
- The cats Cats
- The water Water

2.2. (The Indefinite Article)

2.2.1.

- - . , , a pencil -, , . , - , , , . : This is a flower. - ( ). He is a teacher. - ( ).

2.2.2.

. , , . : - A baseball is round. - ( . A cow gives milk. - ( ).

2.2.3.

: An apple a day keeps the doctor away. - () - . ( ), , , :

. . . .
Tea A tea , I ordered a tea. .
Thought - A thought - , A thought struck him. .
iron - an iron Do you need an iron? ?

2.3.

:

1) there is:

There is a cup on the table. - .

There was a knock at the door. - .

2) what, such, rather, quite, as:

What a day! - / !

Its rather a long way from here! - !

3) many , :

For many a day it was raining hard. - - .

4) , half:

Ill be back in half an hour. - .

5) : a lot of - , ; a great deal of - ; as a rule - , ; at a loss - (); for a while - ; in a hurry - ; to have a good time - ; it s a pity - ; to do somebody a pleasure - - ; it s a shame - ; what a shame - , ..

2.4. (The Definite Article)

, , , . , , , :

1) -

. :

Put the milk into the fridge. - .

( - , )

2) . :

How did you like the play? - a ?

( , )

) . :

0nce I saw an old man in the street. - . The old man was carrying a () ,

basket full of snakes. .

4) , / . :

This is the house that Jack built. - Bo , .

Those are the girls who live next door. - , .

. , :

January is the first month of the year;

- Pushkin was the best poet of his time;

main - ; principal - , , ; central - ; present - ; same - ; wrong - , ; right - , ; very - ; only - ; next, following - ; ; last - ; former - , ; latter - ; other - , . next last . . : They studied at the same school. The dentist pulled out the wrong tooth. Are we on the right road? Thats the very book Im looking for. He was the only child in the family. He was the next man to come. Ill tell you the following things. The previous lecture was very important. It was the last chance to leave. The former USSR was the largest country in the world. Id hire neither Bill nor Jack: the former is stupid, the latter is ugly. He had two brothers: one was a sailor, the other was a tailor. Ho: They came here last year and will come again next year.

5) : the Moon, the Sun, the Earth, the Kremlin, the White House ..;

6) :

Can I see the director? - ?

(, , - ).

, , , , . :

:

) , : the common people - ; the peasants - ; the workers - ; the bourgeoisie - ; the aristocracy - .;

) : the poor - ; the rich - ; the strong - ; the wounded - ; the learned ..

2.5.

, .

, , :

1) , : the North / the South Pole - / ; the Arctic - ; the Antarctic - ; the North/ South - / ( south/ north - / ;

2) , , , , , ..: the Pacific (Ocean), the Atlantic (Ocean), the Indian Ocean; the Baltic (Sea), the Black Sea; the (river) Volga; the Panama Canal; the English Channel; the Bering Strait; the Baikal, the Ontario ( Ho: Lake Baikal, Lake Ontario);

3) , of - : the Bay of Bengal - , : Hudson Bay, Baffin Bay;

4) : the Alps, the Urals, the Rocky Mountains (=the Rockies); the Bermudas, the Canary Islands. : Everest, Elbrus; Cuba, Cyprus, Corsica. , : the Matterhorn, the Maije. Ho: Mont Blank;

5) : the Sahara, the Gobi, the Karakum;

6) , : the Balkan Peninsula, the Kola Peninsula. Ho: Indo-China, Labrador;

7) , : the Peoples Republic of China, the United Arab Emirates, the USA, the ex-USSR. , , , , ..;

8) , , : the Netherlands, the Argentine, the Congo, the Crimea, the Ruhr, the Midwest; the Hague/ Ho: Argentine, Ukraine u ..;

9) : the Sedov, the Queen Mary, the Titanic;

10) : the Times, the Guardian. Ho: Izvestia, Pravda;

11) : the Odeon (Cinema), the Globe (Theatre);

12) : the Savoy (Hotel), the Ambassador Hotel;

13) , , : the Botanical Gardens, the High/ Main street, the Strand, the Tiergarten;

14) , , , : the British Museum, the Tate (Gallery); the Festival Hall; the Rotary Club;

I5) : the Old Bailey, the Tower, the Royal Exchange. Ho: Scotland Yard, Westminster Abbey;

16) , : the Lake District, the Yorkshire Forests, the Tomsk Region;

17) , : the Supreme Soviet, the Duma; the Liberal Party, the Church; the City Council. Ho: Parliament;

I8) , language: the English language, the Italian language;

I9) , , , , : In his novels Walter Scott described the England of Middle Ages;

20) , : the Forsytes - ; the Petrovs - . , , . , . , , : -, . : Is he the [ ði:] Mr Johnson? No, he is a [ei] r Johnson;

2I) , , : the country - ; the sea - ; the seaside - ; the mountains - . : Im going to the country for the week-end. I love the mountains, but I hate the sea.

22) : the French - ; the Russians - ; the British - .

:

by the way, by the by
out of the question
on the one hand on the other hand ...
in the singular
in the plural
tell the truth
the other day ,
play the piano (the guitar and so on ) ( ..)
Whats the time? ?
tell the time ( )
the sooner the better ...
in the morning (afternoon, evening) (, )

2.6.

:

1) , :

We are students. - .

Horses are domestic animals. - - .

, , :

A dog barks. - Dogs bark.

The monkey lives in Africa. - Monkeys live in Africa.

, some, any, several: I ve got two cars. There are several apples on the plate.

2) ( ), :

ts like milk. - .

The sweater is made of wool. - .

, some, any: There s some milk in the fridge. Is there any meat left?

3) , : eter is my best friend. Here Smirnov comes. Moscow is the capital of Russia. Europe and Asia make up one continent.

, , , , : Africa, : Berkshire, : Texas, : Regent Street, : Red Square, : Hyde Park, : Lake Windermere, , : Oxford University ( o: the University of Oxford), Cambridge Polytechnic, Westminster Abbey, Salisbury Cathedral, Bognor Town Hall, Wigan Police Station, Birmingham Airport ..;

4) , , , : Admiral Nelson, Dr Livingston, Mr. Smith, Duke Wellington, Your Majesty, Professor Brown. : Good morning, sweet child. Hows life, old chap? Id come back later, Father John.

5) , , , : Summer is my favourite season. On Friday; in October; to have breakfast (lunch, dinner, etc.) , , : in the fall (in the autumn, in the October) of 1991. To weather: I like fine weather. Whats theweather like?

6) , from to/ till: from Liverpool to Manchester; from early morning till late at night;

7) , : Man Killed On Mountain; , : Super Cinema Ritz Hotel; , : Replace bulb for blinker. Release cover; eepa: WIFE ILL MUST CANCEL HOLIDAY; (palm - ); : Take car to garage. Buy buttons; : J. Smith, Personnel Manager; : In 17th century balance of power tween King and nobles changed. : BA = Bachelor of Arts; MP = Member of Parliament -, , , , : NATO [`neitυ], UNO [`ju:nυ], UNESCO [ju`neskυ]. , , , , - : the UN [ði`ju:`en], the BBC [ð`bi:`bi:`si:];





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