4. p . v - ; , v=I/p. S 4C Hg 76 .
5. T , , . - . , . - , , .
6. w , , . , , .
. , , , , . .
. , . , . , , .
TEXT B: MEDIA ,
solid - fluid - (
) liquid - to subject - shearing stress -
mode - ,
1. , "to affect": The transfer processes are affected by the medium... - ...
2. "solid" "fluid"; "fluid" "liquid". , , , . SOLID - a firm substance; not liquid or a gas. FLUID - able to flow easily, like water or a gas, not solid, as fluid substances. LIQUID - a substance that is neither a solid nor a gas, e.g. Air is a fluid but not a liquid. Water is both a fluid and liquid.
TEXT
1. All matter is made up of solid, liquid, or gas or a combination of them. Since the transfer processes are affected by the medium in which the changes occur, it is imperative to understand the characteristics of each state.
2. A solid is generally thought of as a substance which offers resistance to change of shape (deformation), whereas, a fluid will deform continuously when subjected to a shearing stress, no matter how small. The mode of resistance distinguishes between a solid and a fluid.
|
|
3. A fluid may be either liquid or gas or a combination of the two. Fluids conform to the shape of their container. A liquid has a free surface, but a gas fills the entire container and has no free surface.
to conform - to compress - shape - substance - compressible - medium - (.. media) incompressible - |
4. We readily think of water and air as fluids, but many other substances which behave quite differently are also fluids, e.g. asphalt, glass. Blood is a fluid whose behavior varies widely, depending upon its content of hemocytes (blood cells), sugar, and plasma.
5. Fluids whose density changes are insignificant in a given process are said to be incompressible. Under normal conditions liquids are considered incompressible: gases and vapors may be compressible since their density may change considerably.
, , . , , .
, (), , , , . .
. . , .