:
. (3.14)
Si Sj.
6 1 ~(*1 + (>^
(, .). , (. . 3.4) , 180 - Y0. . 3.4 :
1 "\ =^()+ ()2+ ZA3-3EcosCieo-Ve)' =
■■fwaY+ ( |
5%. % |
' " ^f^-V
-v^7|: |
* - *. ■ (5)
, , .. (. 3.5).
. , , (. . 3.5)." , , = 90-V0, = 90-', :
(3.16)
TC=auv,c=aVc = stsi*Vc'
(3.16) X, , :
(3.17)
a^^S^sih^,
X
Yx=%/E = Vcp
(3.18) |
Sep* a4'0/2=acP=4si^/2-)
. 3.5.
yjl . ,
./)= |
1 - COS |
(3.19)
cos V0 (. . 3.4):
cosV^I- 2.H/2R=1- H/R, (3.20)
R - . _____,
StH^=-^T,aacpS5tjl. (3.21)
(3.16), (3.17) (3.21) (3.6) :
f
)"
c4=evV*nVa!!
■■ |
U,Up)=eVacp£eVbz |
(3.22)
RY0 '
.
(. 3.6) ( (. 3.6) ). . , ,
. 3.6. |
Qy2= QzK2
If | % 1 | * | |||||||
/ / | 1 / | ||||||||
/ | / | 1** | 1 | ||||||
/ | / | <£ | CJi | ||||||
/ | /__ | / | _ | 1 | ' | ||||
%'" | a, h | ||||||||
P*S |
, /. . , . ( J * ) . . 4,2. +1
|
|
6^ - ; 1 ; dS .
( )
: I-
= cos ,
< 9=Rsifv% (3,24)
= ^,
." R - |
; - . , :
/ s ctq ,
- . h/= Rctaco ,= R cto oj.
as:
(3.25) |
De^X^eia^dZ11.
(3.24) :
dX = - Rstnifdif, - dil = ft cosq/oLtp,
dZ = Rctjj codcp.
dX, d. ,dZ (3.25) :
(3.26)
ds=Ry1-ct^ a) dc = Rdc(//svHta?.
0.^= S^StH,^,
Rd¥, Sinu) |
V**** |
i%
C0Stpx |
SiKO) |
SiHUJ |
(cos^-cosa/j). (3.27)
%
" <. ** <, . * " "Kj %, (3.27) , ( , , , ), (3.22) JZCmax, = 6v S Sin.^ , % = > <fc, (3.27) :
f / *'*' (3.28)
(3.27) - ^ -* 0) '
(3.27) :
* R *. _, (3'29)
%
(3.30) (3.31) |
(. . 3.6) ,
- ,
1 B/R tgco+ ,
Vr |
(3.32)
s R.
f - & S \ stH ( + .
J*.K sin J VY1 T^ T
+ ^^. 0
: Bt
R fR
■f =Um Sg I stn(ty+ty)dty =
J*KCU*0) "mco-0 siHo, J VYi T' T
= tim |
(3.33) |
sbsin (/1+ -^tgw)B
tt3-^0 |
coss
_ Bs^inCc^+ltg 0) zkcco=0)~ C0S3 o |
t |
szsvh ^.
= 6V, (3.33) /,, 0 (3.22) ■f.,|tta3t^=6vs!t siK (f
, , (3.27),
,
.
(3.27) ,
- ,
,
V , (.
.. 3.6). ,
, , .
. z'.
:
z1 Z1 ~ *'
|
|
(3,34)
^"ff.K-^^VUSf^^'
a - (. 3.6).
F, (3.34):
X'
Ff , z " 3 (. 3.6). . , = t 0,
j t - . 2tQ, |
- (. 3.6); - : 1, 2,3,.
F. , , . 3.6. : % *= /'.'" > 1'* , , . F, = = cos0-cos4''+ cos0 - cos q£ + cos "- cos £' , V I"= fz ' :
F, = Z- 2coscp0= £(1-cos >0),
F1=^- (1- cos ij/0) = const.
F, (3.34), :
(3.35) |
F =-------- -- (.1- cos).= const.
sinco t. V
(3.35) , ( = t0) , ( ), . , FEM= Canst .
, . .
, (. 3.7), ,
. , . . 3.4 . 3.7.
3.2.4,
, , , .. , .
: , , (. 3.8). -
I,m
. 3.7.
90
. 3. 8. : - ; - ; -
(. 3.8,) . (.3.8, ) , () .
(. 3.8,) , , ( - ), . , . , f, :
|
|
.
J*= axcv) 2- eicv)=Sji2 t.,
; 6;(v. (. . 3.8).
3.2.5.
: . (. 3.9,).
(3.36) (3.37) |
(. 3.9,6). , , . :
ZPtt.
fc. - ; Z ; . - .
t_ - ; - ,
(3.38) |
/).
{9 + ) |
. 3.10. |
. 3.9,6 ( ) , ^> . ^ . aacV) (. 3.10).
D S*,
5
. 3.9. : ;
, , . , . 3.10:
= Hcosipt (Pt Hto |)sitiif>. (3.39)
X., , a.^cv-.
(3.40)
\0 = 3'
, (3.38) (3.39) ? [Hcosqn- (E+Htaf)siH4>]
<4cv)----------------- 1^ (3,41)
, ( ■, t) . , V,.. (. . 3.9). , , * SXI ** "* Sj. S, S t( a t (, . 3.9). Sx) V.jjj. , :
V£Xl = HM = tvS0 = x3^DC = nz3Sx1; Sx1=-^~'
, ; S0 - , /; , /; 2- .
S_ UBC (. . 3.9):
, , , ' :
It
iziCIW" aUV)2p0UV)> (3.42)
3.2.6, ( )
. ( ) a t ., (. 3.11).
|
|
. - ( ) ;
*iCV)~ , (. . 3,9).
. 3.11. : - ; -
, , . . 3.11,6 , . , (1,3,5,7) , (2,4,6,8) *. . .
4
. ,
4.1.
4 ■ , , 45. , . .
4.1.1.
() (.4.1): 1, 2 , , 3. 1, ( ), ji, .
, F
. 4.1. () ()
, , . . , (. . 4.1) ( ^ F . , " ,- . , .
jv, . . (. 4.1).
^ , (4.1)
(4.2), , a a, |
(JJV (l+StHJ-J,, (4.1)-(4.3) " . 4.1,, "" - . 4.1,6. V = tan,-*. .4) . , , . , . , (. 4.2). : (. 4.2,), (. 4.2,6), (. 4.2,) (. 4.2,). . |
. : . , - , () . |
A.
|
|
C6 = a; ,-.., :
:$JV |
a/ cos
cosy |
. 4.2. |
A/tysiHj
(4.3) |
ft, ( ) (4.2)
, , , . . , .
(). . , , .
, , , .., . , , . . - , .
() [105]. . , .
.
4.1.2. (
, . . , , (.. ).
, ft (. 4.3). |
. 4.3.
. , jj^ ". , - , , .
, ( ). , . . , ! , , (. . 4.1).
[ . . ( , ;) , (. 4.4). F. 12
. 4.4.
S 1-2', ^-4 . - . - , S :
£= / =tc| , (4.5)
0 - 1-4 2-3.
. - , . 4.5.
. 4.5.
00-) 1 - , 1. I . 1 0 0,,
12 9
CfCOOi () , | ,. 0 6. - ,. 00^ 1 . , 0. ,
. , CCoO. 0, . ^" ѫ01 0,. OjC-CjO.- 0 = ( CCjOjQ,
(LCiCjCL , . , .
. . 4.5 :
aS _ _ ,. 00, (4'-6)
£= = 0,0,," 0,0~ 0,02 + 0,0;, '
(4.6) :
. -.
= cosy/^vn^cosc^-yij-
(4.7) . , 4.5, , Y S , 0. , JJ,. S & U, . , V JJ .
, . dt/c(.ft,= 0. :
<k=__L_ +____!___ =
dji, SlK*/, C08*(J,-jp
J
hskS*it (4-8)
~ |>1 = 45, 2.
. 4.5, , jb£:
ct3(jyjV=(e+-\[I*+T)/u. (4.9)
, , , . . , , ,, 0,075 , 1,5 . 0,075 . 1,5 ( , ) 18, ( 45 ), . , , .
■ 4.1.3.
(. 4.6,) . . 4.6,6 :
- .
, , . : N. F,.
N. F,. , N , F. . N^. Fj, F, No , - (. 4.6,) (. 4.6,). , X0Z (. 4.6,,).
t^W: |
(4.14)
N,cosy +F,stnj+ Fi
, F' F,.
) |
. fv , , (. 4.6,). :
*= |
f; |
f;3+ |
! |
(4.15) (4.16)
- |
: i |
12). |
COS ) |
> |
iu-ufST |
= F |
+ F |
= F,
(4.18) |
R |
Fc9 08. cos^t- op) '
(4.11) (4.12) X. Z, - |
. 4.6. , : ,, - ; -
Z:
F^' = N1 cosy + Fi sin-y + F2, (40)
T Fi= VNieiHf+ Ficosr.
Fx F^ ft:
( a |
Rc , Z (;1),
COS
- Nrosy -t- F^tHf + fr
{ |
(4.1; |
F"*> * F'">
X I
'1 |
F= R.sin.40 X |
in ou
(4.19)
C0S(J*1+W) (4;15)-(4.19) -
-, (4.20)
*tp ; ^ ~ 6 = (le/svftji^ - (. . 4.6); - ; - ( , ).
(1 J) < JJ.. , , . - .. <Up= (J5i).
(4.18)-(4.2) :
[4.21) |
V=-^f ceeCji+)**^i-
:
d^-_ [cOS(Ji1+oo)c03J -S*Hj>,5t,ft (J^cufjs 0. (4.22.)
*Ji
(4.23) |
005(2^ + 00 = 0, Zj1+^ = 90, jj,=TT/4-w/2.
N," , F^ = : R^n=Rc=- Nt+ F,, c^J3 - Jf, - Z Ri; J) - R1 N.. (. . 4.8).
:
1- \ (4.24)
, .
, - (. 4.7). , 2, , Z. - (. 4.8, 4.9). . 4.74.9 , . 4.6.
. 4.8. ,
, 4.9. Jf
r-V | ||||
^ | ' | |||
J | ||||
Z | Fzt | / j |
Fco
Lt;-Fc8i
(4.26) (4.27) |
(. 4.10). : V, V,g, V.. . 4.10
' |
:
SiH(90"-y) Sin^90-Cji1-f)] SiHjl,
VF= Vsinji,/[cos(ji,-y)];
[*(&-*>] |
. 4.7.
V CO S v
C3= '
(4.28)
L |
(4,25) |
>.: | 37 + |
Ji - 4 - | |
RcRnn | JV-zr- |
t", tr., f-g ~ TC05Y 0,= tr$Ln ¥. 1 ( , ) Vpt , Vpc- tr tost1.
, ' . , :
£/" (4.29)
- , ; $ ; ; .
(4.2 9), , . Fx, Fy, F .
( F). , (, ) . , (. 4.11,), (. 4.11,6) .
. 4.10. ( )
'" : , , ViKnv, , , 1 * 1 _ .
4.2.
4.2.1.
R F-, F. F, R X V Z Z . Z X X Z 9.
Rc = j(F_, Fy, ) , , F, Fu, F ^()' ) ' ,
. 4.11. : ;
: 1, -
. , dx . cLj:
df = cUa. (4.30)
2. dF9,
F,:
<^x=F9aw<*f- (4>31)
(4,29) (4,30), :
? =-*4**&-6. (4.32)
3. .
(4.32):
4 %. (4.33)
f - , £ = = (. 4.11, 4.12).
(4.33) a, s t. :
) a = S sin if; =/9*˫
(. 4.11,):
FZ = cfoiK1^;
) a = S_ sin if, 6=t/sirt(f (.
4.11,6):.-"■..*-+ pi J-i
,
, -
,
(. 4.12). $
d F, (4.31):
dFx=F^cx>d;fc*)>. (4-36)
df,.- ,
, (
. 4.12 : dftt) = dBa^); F - ,
F
, \
_5_. (4.37)
A1 Qyi
. 4.12. . 4.13. -
. 4,12:
aYr-^?si,l^ = sxsiH<fx.
lr1s, - , /; -
, /; - ; -
. *%
(4.36) :
dF^Cfis^sift1"*1^ de. F :
0
J = 6a, = eSjStH^
(. 4.12).
(. 4.13). . ,., ( ) ct| = au/ .
dF F, ( ), d&, F^aT.) d f. . 4.13 :
dj^ = dj cos w = a yx dx cos u). Fyg,-. > ctFujg (4.37), :
aw - ;
a<ecp=f/ep' (4.39)
£ - ; 6 - , .
(3.27) :
■^(SjR/slKUJ^COS^-COS^), (4-40) '
. 4.13 :
eP=[RU'2-4VVsiHC0' (4,41)
(4.40) (4.41) (4.39) :
a.. = ^-£ le.ae.tu - C0SC1/. 1. <4.42,
= ------ ----- (COSCC - C0SC1/,,).
d F F |
'*-*/ *' >
d'l
cos |
F*s!d^'JFjewedf,;
V-R |
cdX-jF, |
'* * ' '* |
99cxjeS*Cf*dXcOSCO- (4-43)
. . 4. 13 :
dX = Rd<|//siHcO. (4-44)
(4.44) (4.43) :
i
R |
8(*) sin <*> s |
F*e=S FH8(es^sUc<'xBd{F sT^T =
Pi i |
■ sin cpj. d tp
4------- (cos c^ - cos cp8) = F |
/ |
9(*) Sitl |
= F
H3 czje |
(4.45)
S3(z)e |
( F = "..cosu>) '
Ct S'-WR
1-*u |
(4.46) |
tftj^v^r^V-"^)
4.2.2. -
, , , . . () , .
,
, :
F,.Cf4\S<.VVKfV,
s |
F =Cr iA s9f* F* K., (4.47)
.. - , ; , - , , ( , ).
. (4.47) t, s V.
, , . . , .
, , , t > * t , s ■: , 1, - 0,75.
, . , (■ 0,15).
, , , , .
, : , . , , , .
, , , . , 320 F , 110. ,
. , , . . , , , . , .
, . , , F 1,52 , . , . , , . .. F- ( F - "\f ).
, <^. , . , , = 80 / (800 /) :
- 242, F% = 260 (2600 );
- 170, F = 310 (3100 ).
.
, . , , , F- , , .
, . . , , (, . (4.33), 8 = 90-). S, -
, . , . , . , , , , i . 10 F, 3 5 %, F, 1013 %. , , , , .
Fj. (. . 4.6,). , F_ 1,52 , Fx . . N2= , Fj, = F^= F^OSy-N] Si J" (. 4.6,). F, COS , , . , F. COS F, COSJ* . N. si i F(COS , Svtty ( F^ N,).
, F|, , F_ () (. . 4.9). . , , .
, , . .
4.2.3.
(. . 4.10) , (. . 4.6,).
, :
2) F,, V.;
3) F2, *.
',