5. 2 5
2, 3, 4, 5, 9 , , . , .
( 2 5). 2 ( 5), , 2 ( 5) .
. = nn-1...0 , ' : =(n10n+a110) + n. , 2, 5. , 2 5, , n 2 5. .
1. 2, , 0, 2, 4, 6, 8.
2. 5, , 0 5.
6. 4 25
( 4 25). 4 ( 25), , 4 ( 25) , .
. = nn-1...0 : a = (n10n +... +a2102) + (a110 + a0). 4, 25. , 4 ( 25) , 4 ( 25) a1a0 = a110+a0, . .
7. 3 9
( 3 9). 3 9, , 3 9 .
. : =an10n +...+a110+a0. 10=9+1, 102 = 99+1,..., 10n = 99...9 + 1, n (99...9 + 1) +... + a1 (9+1) + 0 =. (n99.2..9++a19)+(an++a1+a0).
n
3, 9. , 3 9, , , ( ) n +... + a1 + a0, 3 9. .
8.
XVII . . , , - . , .
( ). n+0 m, , r= anrn++a1r1+a0, rn 䳭 10k m, k = 1, 2,..., .
. a =an10n +... +a110 + 0 = mqk + k, 0 < rk < m, k = 1, 2,..., . ϳ : a = (anqn+ + a1q1)m + anrn + + a1r1 + a0).
.
m = 11. 10 = 11-1; 102 = 11 9 + 1; 103 = 11. 91 - 1; 104 =11. 99 +1, .
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O, = n...1a0 11 , , , , , 11, r = (0 + 2 + ) (a1+a3+...) 11.
, 6 671 829 11, r = (9 + 8 + 7 + 6) - (2 + 1 + 5) = 30 8 = 22 11.
˲
1. . . . . . . .: .1995. . 156-161.
2. . . . . . . . . 1988 . . 197 - 206.
3. . . . ֳ . . . . . . . 1989 . . 275 281, 277-278.
2
. . , , 䒺
. .
:
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;
;
;
, , 䒺 .
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1. : . / . . . .: ., 1995. . 156-158, 170-171.
2. : . / . . . . ., 1980. . 153-154, 157-161.
3. : . / . . . . ., 1987. . 192 -199.
4. : . . . . - . 1988. . 197-203, 206-215.
5. . . . ֳ . . . . . . ., . 1989. . 275-283, 286-294.
.
1. b ?
2. 䳿 ?
3. - ? ?
4. , ?
5. .
6. , , .
7. : 1) ; 2) m .
8. 䒺 .
9. ³, n b n. , : 1) n; 2) n?
.
1. 15 60; 3? ³ .
2. 2, 3, 5 230; 225; 450?
3. 804, 75, 144, 150 2; 3; 5; 9?
4. , 3. , 3?
5. : 24; 38; 13; 1.
6. 䒺 . ? . , ?
7. , 19 , 18 .
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8. q 11q ?
9. 60.
10. :
) ;
) , 1.
11. x y X = {12, 9, 6, 3,18}. ? x y, .
12. 4 ) ; ) .
13. ³, . 2?
14. 3? , 3 ?
15. 䒺 3q, 䒺 3q+1, 䒺 3q+2. , ?
16. 䒺 , 7. - , 7. ?
17. , , 3:
1) 180+144; 2) 720+308; 3) 103+370.
18. , , 5: 1) 535-413; 2) 1215-470; 3) 20 147-1 307.
19. , , 5, 8, 9, 10, 18, 45.
20. , , , 11. .
21. , 3.
22. , 8 1.
23. , 4 1.
24. , 4. (³: 13752; 13756).
25. 4?
. , y , 4. : 40 4; 40+4=44 4; 44+4=48 4. , , x 4. x - 10 0 9. 3×10=30 .
³: 30 .
26. , , 4.
.
1
1. , 5, 570 < b < 581.
³ .
2. , , : ) 124+420+213 4; ) 1080+123+124 9.
3. 243 ∙ 42 123 ∙ 42 9?
4. , 4.
5. , 8.
2
1. , 2, 572 b < 585.
³ .
2. , , : ) 124+420+213 5; ) 1080+123+124 3.
3. 244 ∙ 25 122 ∙ 42 4.
4. , 4.
5. , , , , 9.
3
1. , 9, 570 < b 585.
³ .
2. , , : ) 256+184+231 3; ) 156+236+216 4.
3. 25636 12633 6.
4. 4?
5. , - 6.
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4
1. , 3, 270 < b < 281.
³ .
2. , , : ) 438+246+178 2; ) 225+658+355 5.
3. 14429 56156 12.
4. 4?
5. , , , 37.
V. ϳ.
1.
. , .
³ . 12 18. ij 12 : 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12, 18 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18. 12 18: 1, 2, 3, 6. 6. 12 18.
. a b , .
. b (, b) (, b).
. , (12, 48, 24) = 12.
.
1. - b . , b , 1, , . , (, b).
2. (, b) , < b,
(, b) £ .
3. (, b) - . ,
(, b) = d, d1 - . = dq, b = dq1 , q i q1 1. , d1 b d.
M b, (, b) = b.
. (1, 2, , k) = 1, 1, 2, , k . , , , 1, 2,.., k .
, 4, 6, 7 , (4, 6,7) = 1. , , (4, 6) = 2. , , , , .
, b, M b, = bq. , - , .
³ 12 18. 12 12, 24, 36, 18 18, 36, 54, 12 18 : 36, 72, - 36. 12 18.
. b , .
. b .
b (, b) (, b). , (12, 18) = 36.
:
1. b .
, , . . .
2. b , a > b, (, b) ³ .
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3. b .
, b, m = (a,b). = mq + r, 0 £ r < m. m i b, , r = mq . , r < m , r = 0. , = mq.
4. M b, (, b) =.
2.
. (,b) b.
360 525. .(- , 1, . , .)
360 = 23×32×5; 525 = 3×52×7. , , . , (360, 525) = 3×5 = 15.
(360, 525) , , . (360, 525) = 23 × 32 × 52 × 7 = 12600.
- .
. (, b) × (, b) = × b.
. (, b) = 1, (, b) = b.
, , .
, . . ( . . .) , .
1. M b, (, b) = b.
2. a = bq + r, a, b, r , (, b) = (b, r).
, b b r d = bq + r b. , d b, d r = a bq, a , b i r. , b b i r. . , (, b) = (b, r). .
3.
b. ³ b. M b, 1 (, b) = b. = bq + r, r ¹ 0, 2 b i r, r < b. b M r, (b, r) = r, , (, b) = r. b r 0 < r1 < r, b = rq1 + r1, (, b) = (b, r) = (r, r1). , : r, r1, rm. , . 2, , 0, (, b).
, : , .
.
. (90, 35).
90 35 ,
70 2 90 = 35 × 2 + 20
35 20
20 1 35 = 20 × 1 + 15
20 15
15 1 20 = 15 × 1 + 5
15 5
15 3 15 = 5 × 1 + 0
, 5, (90,35) = 5.
90 , 35 b. г 20 = 15 × 1+ 5 : 5 = 20 15 × 1. : 15 = b 20 × 1. ϳ 15 5 = 20 15 × 1. ij: 5 = 20 (b 20 × 1)×1. : 90=35 × 2 + 20 20 = b × 2. ϳ . 5 = b × 2-(b - (a b × 2) ×1). ϳ : 5= × 2 + b × (-5). , d=ax - by.
: - b x i y, (, b) = ax by.
, d = (a,b), d = ax by .
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г (a,b) = ax by . : , .
, ab a i b p. , p. (, p) =1. , x i y, 1 = ax + py. b. ij: b = abx + pby. , , b M p.
ϳ , , . , (90, 35) = 90 × 35: 5 = 630.
, - .
4.
2, 3, 4, 9.
8, 25 11:
8 , 2 1 0 8.
25 , 1 0 25.
11, , , 11. . 256 375 11?
(5 + 3 + 5) (7 + 6 + 2) = - 2. 2 M 11. 256 375 M 11.
.
. ( 6) 6, , 2 3.
. . M 6. , M 2 M 3.
M 6. M 6 6 M 2, M 2. M 6 6 M 3,
M 3.
. : M 2 M 3. : M 6.
M 2 M 3, 2 3, - . , M (2,3). (2, 3) = 1, (2, 3) = 2 × 3 = 6. , M 6. .
. ( 12) 12, , 3 4.
.
. ( 15) 15, , 3 5.
. :
. ( ). n = bc, b c , (b, c) = 1, , b c.
6.
60. 60, , 4 15.
, , 15 , 3 5. 60 :
, 60, , 4, 3 5.
. , 1548 942 18.
18:
18, , 2 9.
2 9? -, 2 × 9 = 18, -, (2, 9) = 1, 2 9 .
18 3 × 6 , (3, 6) ¹ 1.