, , , , , . .
3. q
, , . 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 , , - . 9 11(8), ; 10 12(8). . .
. , , q, q; q . . , q: , (q), (q2) . ., .
869 q = 4. .
869 4
868 217 4
1 216 54 4
1. 1 52 13 4
. 2 12 3
. 1
V. V.
869 = 312114
4.
1- . . , 364127 :
364127 = 3 × 74 + 6 × 73 + 4 × 72 + 1 × 7 + 2 = 7203 + 2058 + 196 + 7 + 2 = 9466.
. , - aq, q ≠ 10, , , q .
2- . q , , , . ., . .
21+6=27
189+4=193
1351+1=1352
9464+2 =9466 , 364127 = 9466
5.
, , q , p.
, 364127 5. : 364127 = 9466 ( ), 9466 :
9466 = 3003315. , 364127=3003315.
6. ,
ij ≠ 10 , . . . =5.
|
|
+ 1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4 10
2 3 4 10 11
3 4 10 11 12
4 10 11 12 13
4342135+23435. :
4342135
+ 23435
4421115
, , . 3+3=6, 6 11- (6 = 5+1).
³ . >b, - b = (an bn ) qn +(a n-1 b n-1)q n-1 ++(a1-b1)q+(a0-b0)
, ai<bi, , q+ai :(q+ai) bi. , , , q , q-1 , . . :
3430016
- 242136
3143446
̳ : 3 , , . . 6 . 5 , . ij 6 , 5 , , 6. ³ 6 3 1 6 1 3, : (6-3)+1 (6+1)-3 . .
䒺 - , . : , , . :
2435
3215
+ 1041
1334
2001035
: 2102 21; 122 22.
: 543216 236 (22222236); 3578 628 (282668); 1457 37 (5017)
(11) 1(13) 1(12)(13) (183(12)13); 10102 1012 (1100102); 37819 239 (1003839).
ij , 10, , . ,
, 34; 32. 1, 2. 3. 23 , 0. 23 3 , 233(5).
32 4 0.
䳿 䳿 , , , : .
|
|
˲
1. : . / . . . .: ., 1995. . 141-142, 150-152.
2. (): . / . . . .: ., 1989. . 229-232
3. : . / . . . .: ., 1987. . 199-206, 212-215.
4. . . . .. . 1988. . 166-176, 192-195
1
. , , . , .
. , , .
:
;
;
;
, ;
, .
:
;
;
, , ;
, , .
˳
1. : . / . . . .: ., 1995. . 112-116,143-155.
2. : . . . . . ., 1980. . 166-177.
3. : . . . . . ., 1987. . 169-177, 199-223.
4. : . .. . . .1988. . 128-137,169-197.
5. . . . ֳ : . . . . ., 1989. . 170-175, 180-181, 229-261.
6. : . . . . . ., 1979. . 163-174,180-181.
.
1. ?
2. ?
3. q.
4. .
5. ?
6. , .
7. , .
.
1. : 254 624; 2791 345.
2. 2458, 12435, 11 0012 .
3. 254 q = 5.
4. 32425 .
5. 237 526 , .
6. 231+342, 425+4+135, 237+526, 529+299. ?
7. 875 528 , .
8. 397 6 , .
|
|
9. , 524 168 , .
10. :
1) 11455: 145; 2) 261960: 740; 3) 105754: 253; 4) 213664: 352.
11. q : 236q = 12405 , 5(14)5q = 134010?
12. , :
) 752x 647x = 67; ) 35x + 40x = 115x ; ) 220 306x = 124x ;
) 34 102x = 212x ; ) 626x: 123x = 5.
13. p :
14. 254 q = 6.
15. 1213.
16. -432(6)=561(6) .
19. 䳿:: 4413(6)-3243(6)+40432(6); 21(11)39(12)-37(10)4(12); 321(5)∙43(5);
20. ( ). - :
44 . , 100- 34- . 11 , . 10 .. ?
21. 䳿:
1) 4 (10) 5(13)∙(11) 2(13);2) 1101(2)∙101(2); 4) 101(2)∙111(2);
2) 221(3)∙12(3); 5) 10111(2)∙10011(2);
3) 343224(7)∙125(7); 6) 3411(5)∙421(5).
.
1
1. 254 q = 6.
2. 1213.
3. 23 451.
4. q : 21q = 1510; 306q + 124q = 22010.
5. 䳿 :
4523156 + 213445 101012.
2
1. 844 q = 5.
2. 2415.
3. 59 455.
4. q : 203q = 5310; 102q + 212q = 3410.
5. 䳿 :
2523456 + 213435 100112.
3
1. 294 q = 4.
2. 2213.
3. 54 551.
4. q : 1000q = 2710; 752q - 647q = 6710.
5. 䳿 :
2543156 + 213545 111012.
4
1. 654 q = 3.
2. 1256.
3. 23 524.
4. q : 10q = 1210; 312q + 213q = 14010.
5. 䳿 :
4523256 + 213425 101112.
V. ϳ
1.
( ) 䒺 , ( ) . . 䳿 , 䒺. . , , b , b. 䒺 .
|
|
䒺 .
. ֳ 䒺 䒺 b, 䒺 q, = bq.
³ b M b. ³ , M b = q. , = 24 b = 6, q, 24 = 6 × 4.
. 䒺 b. b , b , b.
. , = 0 b = 0, M b, 0 = 0 × q - 䒺 q. , .
≠ 0 . , q, = 0 × q, , ≠ 0.
0 = b × 0, , - 䒺 . M b < b, = 0. ≠ 0 M b, ≥ b, ≠ 0 . - . 24 : 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24.
, . , 2. x = 2q, q 0, 1, 2, 3, .
1 . 2, 3, 5, 7... . 4, 6, 8, 9, . ֳ .
. , , .
, 2, 3, 5, 7 .
. , , .
4, 6, 8, 9. , 6 1, 2, 3, 6. 1 , , .
2.
- ' = × 1, - ' ( ), .
' b, b b a , , = b, ' .
, (a b) Þ q ( =bq) (b ) Þ q1(b = .q1), = qq1, qq1 = 1. , q=q1 =1.
, b , b, , b . , = 0, b 0. b , ( b ) Þ ( b). b , > b. , b .
³ , , ( b) (b c) Þ ( ). , ( b) Þ q ( =bq), (b )) Þ q1 (b = q1). a = bq = qq1 = q2. , .
, () N ' , , N, , ' . , 4 3 4.
3, 3q. 3, 3 . 3, 1 2.
3. ()
, N0 . : , , , . , 21 . 18 ?
, , , , , , ' .
( ). , .
. b n. =nq2 b = q2, + b = q1 + nq2= (q2+q2). , ( + b) . .
|
|
- .
, , : , ? ͳ, . 21: 3, 20, 1 3. , . , - > 2 .
( ). b ³ b, - b .
.
. ? ͳ, . .
. , , , .
.
. + b . (+b) . , b .
.
4.
( ). , .
. b , = q. b = (q) b = (qb). , b .
.
.
. b , b , b .
, 24 36 108, 108 =129.
' .
. , - 2.
'. ' . 2.