VOCABULARY
| anchorage temporary / permanent excellent / safe sheltered / prohibited convenient ground = bottom mud (stiff) / ooze clay / shells sand (fine / coarse /hard) gravel / stone good holding ground bad holding = foul ground landmarks castle / church mountain / trees/summit abeam = abreast to be at anchor = to lie(to ride) at anchor to drop / to weigh anchor local knowledge to afford to obtain to protect = to shelter to avoid EXPRESSIONS wind (fair/foul/on shore/off shore) with(during) northerly winds close westward of n. off the southern side of N. This bay affords a good anchorage. Anchorage may be obtained in This anchorage is dangerous with easterly winds. This anchorage is sheltered from southerly winds To anchor with the tower bearing 089 | , / / / , () ()/ / (//) / / // / (/// / ( ) () . . .. . . , 089. |
Exercises:
1. Read and translate the text:
TOPIC: ANCHORAGES
Anchorages may be of different kinds. There are temporary and permanent anchorages. Temporary anchorages are taken by ships when the need some shelter or protection to avoid heavy weather for a short time. Permanent anchorages are usually outside or inside the ports when the ship has to wait for a vacant berth, or a pilot, or a tug.
Before anchoring the captain of a ship must have full information as to the depth, character of bottom, prevailing winds, bearing from anchorage to some landmarks and so on. This information is usually given in a Pilot-book. Some anchorages can be found only by vessels with local knowledge.
Bottom at anchorages may be: fine or coarse sand, mud, clay, shells, stone, coral, etc. Foul ground should be avoided.
2. Read and translate extracts from Pilot Books into Russian:
1. Anchorage may be obtained close southward of H., in depths of from 15 to 22 fathoms.
2. Temporary anchorage may be obtained in depths of from 16 to 20 fathoms about 2 miles east-south-eastward of H.
3. Anchorage sheltered from north-westerly winds can be obtained in depths of 8 or 9 fathoms. Good holding ground.
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4. Anchorage may be obtained during southerly winds, off the northern side of H., where the bottom consists of rock, sand, shells, and small stones.
5. The bay affords excellent shelter from north-westerly winds, which prevail in summer. A good anchorage is in 6 fathoms, mud, between the villages of E. and N.
6. The best anchorage is abreast of the piers about 4 cables distant from the shore in 4 fathoms, fine sand; farther off the ground is foul.
7. The bottom is rocky within 1½ cables of the beach, but vessels can anchor in the center of the bay in more than 8 fathoms, gravel, where they are sheltered from winds between WSW and NNE.
8. Anchorage may be obtained by vessels with local knowledge westward of A. with the northern extremity of that island bearing 85 and Arnes Church, in the south-western corner of the bay, bearing 202. But with northerly and northeasterly winds the anchorage is not safe.
9. There is a good anchorage for small vessels in Caraminal Bay at 2 cadles from the beach. Large vessels anchor, in 6 fathoms about 6 cables SE from the mole; the bottom is muddy sand, very good holding ground.
10. There is a good anchorage sheltered from easterly winds about one mile southward of Loe Pool, in 7 fathoms, fine sand; also in 11 fathoms, hard sand, off Porthaven, with Helston Church bearing 43 true and Cudden Point about 297 true.
11. Jogo Wan, on the west side of the harbor, is the safest anchorage in the bay; it has depths of from 7 to 10 fathoms, over a hard muddy bottom, forming excellent holding ground and is well protected from all winds.
12. Vessels are recommended to anchor about a mile from the north shore of the bay, in depth of from 6 to 12 fathoms, the bottom being mud, mixed with sand near the shore, and a good berth is about ½ a mile south-eastward of H.; in 4 to 5 fathoms.
3. Choose the right translation:
| landmarks | |
| prevailing winds | |
| to anchor | |
| to afford anchorage | |
| to obtain anchorage | |
| local knowledge | |
| to obtain shelter | |
| character of ground |
4. Make pairs of antonyms:
| foul ground | to prohibit |
| safe | westerly |
| temporary | long |
| foul (wind) | off shore |
| short | permanent |
| easterly | good holding |
| northern | open |
| on shore | dangerous |
| to obtain | southern |
| sheltered | fair |
5. Make pairs of synonyms:
| bottom | abeam |
| stone | coastal object |
| to shelter | to ride |
| abreast | to protect |
| to lie at anchor | ground |
| landmark | rock |
6. Decipher the following abbreviations from English Sea Charts:
Abbreviations
Bottom
| b. bl. bk. br. . . Ck. ch. n. . . d. f. G. Gd. Gl. ga. gn. gy. h. lt. Lv. . n. l. | Blue Black Broken Brown Coarse Calcareous Chalk Chocolate Cinders Clay Coral Dark Fine Gravel Ground Globigerina Glacial Green Gray Hard Light Lava Mud Manganese Marl | Ҹ | Ms. . Oz. P. Pm. Qz. R. Rd. rd. S. Sc. so. Sh. Sn. sm. Sp. sk. St. sf. sy. . v. w. Wd. y. | Mussels Oysters Ooze Pebbles umi Quartz Rock Radiolarian Red Sand Scoria Soft Shells Shingle Small Sponge Specks, speckled Stones Stiff Sticky Tufa Volcanic White Weed Yellow | , Ƹ Ƹ |
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Quality of bottom:
- G.Co.Oz.
- S.Cy.M.
- St.P.G.
- bk.St.Sh.Sn.
- S.f.Sh.
3.
