1. , a = 10', S, r = 0,1 , c = 2,7 , = 2,9 10-11 . λ .
2a
a K
S
S 1
S 2
d
r
a
l
L
OK, OL , S1 S2, S. S1 S2, d, l. l, d, x, l
λ = xd/l. (1)
d l, , S1 S2 S . S1O = S2O = r ÐS1OS2 = 2α. α S1S2, :
d = 2ar, l = r + .
d,l (1),
λ = 2arx/(r + ).
( α )
l = 6 × 10-7 = 0,6 .
2. (n2 = 1,7) (n = 1,3). , (λ0 = 0,56 )? , .
, , , . .
.
, , ,
D = 2hn cos a - l0/2.
- (n1 = 1,0) (n2 = 1,7). n1 < n < n 2 , 1 2, , . , λ0/2. , a = 0,
Δ = 2 hn.
h = (2k + 1)l0/4n.
, h - hmin k = 0,
hmin = λ0 /4 n = 0,11 .
B |
A |
C |
a |
a |
1 2 1/ 2/ |
|
|
1 2, (. .). , , .
, . , - , , ,
(1)
hA, hB , .
, . hA, hB , . i2 = 0, n = 1 () h > 0,
(2) |
h = (k + 1) λ0./2.
hA, hB , (2) k, - hA, hB . ,
(3) |
.
, , , , . (1) (3)
a = l0N/2l = 5×10-4 = 1¢40¢¢.
4. (n1 = 1,52) (n2 = 1,7). , R = 1 , . - (λ0 = 0,589 ), rk . n :
1) rk = 2,05 , 2) rk = 1,9 .
, n :
n < n1 < n2; n1 < 2 < n. (1)
.
, n = kRl0 /rk2.
, :
1) n1 = 1,41; 2) n2 = 1,63.
n1 < n < n2. (2)
.
, : 1) n1 = 1,34; 2) n 2 = 1,55.
(, ), , (n1 = 1,41; n1 = 1,34) (1), (2). , n1 = 1,41. (n2 = 1,63; n 2 = 1,55) - (2). , n2 = 1,55.
5. = 0,1 λ = 500 . , , , . L , l , , 1 .
φ |
L |
l |
,
(1)
, m = 1.
, l = 2L tg φ, l /2 << L, tg φ = sin φ, sin φ = l/2L.
|
|
(1), :
, L = 1 .
6. λ = 0,5 . , - L = 1 , . , , r = 20,2 .
:
) ;
) 1 ;
) ?
) , - .
) ( + b), λ φ, k - ,
(a + b) sin φ = kλ, (1)
k . k = 1,
, (1)
.
) 1
-1.
) , , k, , 90. (1)
km. sin j = 1, kmax = 9,9.
k , , , kmax = 9 (k , 10, sin φ > 1).
, : , kmax, . . 2 kmax. () ,
M = 2 kmax + 1= 19 .
) , - , , k = kmax
φ = 6522'.
7. - , d = 2,20 , Δφ = 15.
φ 1, φ 2 - , (k = 1) (k = 2) . c
φ 2 - φ 1 = Δ φ. (1)
d sin φ1 = λ, (2)
d sin φ2 = 2 λ. (3)
(1), (2), (3) : φ1, φ2, λ. (2), (3), sin φ2 = 2 sin φ1, , (1),
sin (φ1 + Δ φ) = 2 sin φ1.
sin φ1,
(4)
(2) (4) :
.
8. d = 2,9 (λ1 = 5890 λ2 = 5896 )?
N R k R = kN, : N = R/k. N R k, . .
N = R /k.
R, - ( ) , λ1 λ2 :
R = l1 / (l2 - l1).
k , sin φ = 1 λ = λ2 ( , k ). , k ,
9. , . φ = 97 . n1 , .
|
|
, , , ,
j n1 n2 |
- . ,
, e = φ /2 , , tg(j /2) = n 2/ n 1,
10. N 1 N 2 , a = 60. , I0 : 1) N 1; 2) . k = 0,05. .
1. , , : . .
N1 I1=0,5I0(1-k) |
N2 I2=0,5I0(1-k)2cos2α |
A e o B |
o e |
() . () , . , , ,
I 1 = ½ I 0 (1-k).
, I 0 , , I 1 :
, 2,1 .
2. I 1 N 2 : . , . I2 , N2, ( ):
I2 = I1 cos2 a,
a - N2.
,
I2 = I1 (1-k) cos2 a,
, I0 I 2 , :
, 8,86 .
11. . φ = 60 , , n = 3 . - .
. ( ). , , ,
|
|
. , ,
I = 0,5 In + Ip cos2 φ,
In, Ip - , .
,
I = 0,5 In + Ip, I = 0,5 In.
, I = kI, ,
I =kI + (I - I) cos2 φ.
a I / I,
P = ( 1 -a)/ ( 1 +a);
1 = k [ a + (1 - a) cos2 j ];
6.
, , , . . , , - , - . . : . - . , .