,
' 2
. ,
,
,
.
, , .
, ,
" "
[, , 1985, 41]. , ,
"",
,
, ,
.
-
152
,
.
.
,
, ,
. ,
.
. . , " "
: , , (
), , -, , ( )
... :
1) (, ) -
... () 2)
()
()
[, , 1980,7980].
,
, ,
cruces translatorum ("
") [, 1974, 149], : ,
, ,
() Take even the Chercassians,' he went on, 'as they
drink their fill of bouza at a wedding or a funeral, the fight begins'.
,
,
, :
,
...() On reaching the foot of the Kashaur mountain, we
stopped outside a dukhan... .
: "Caucasian tavern." ,
. , "Oxford Russian-
English Dictionary" M. , dukhan,
: "inn in Caucasus".
|
|
|
() ,
,
. ,
,
, . .
:
() As there was no room
for travellers at the post house, we were given lodging in a smoky hut.
hut "Oxford's Advanced Learner's Dictionary" a
small, roughly made house or shelter. "
- "
'', '', ''. "
"
', '.
,
, .
,
, :
, . ,
, - , ()
Mother is all right. She's an old woman, reads the lives of the saints, sits with
her old women, and what my brother says goes. -
" "
,
.
: , .
.
... , .
:
.
, ..
.
, (
), :
,
: 'I had Earl take down their names and subpoena 'em for the inquest
next Monday.'And the coroner proceeded to retail their testimony about the
accidental meeting of Clyde (Dreiser) "
, .
".
coroner inquest
. "The
Random House Dictionary | of the English language" coroner
: "an officer, as of a county or municipality, whose chief
function is to investigate by inquest, or before a Jury, any death, not clearly
resulting from natural causes." ,
, (""),
.
"" "", "" "",
, . "" ""
" ,
", "" ""
" ".
|
|
|
, ,
, .
( )
,
,
.
,
, ,
.
,
: Alas! we shall never hear the horn sing at
midnight, or see the pike-gates fly open any more (Thackeray) "!
".
Pike-gate
(pike-gate , ).
( )
.
(pike-gate ),
:
,
() As for our fathers and grandfathers, some of them were
only peasant freeholders. . ( ,
) , peasant freeholder ,
- , ,
( ,
,
).
,
.
, ..
.. ,
. ",
S, , ,
S, P ,
" [, , 1985, 39]. ,
(background knowledge), .. ,
.
.
P , ,
, ,
.
|
|
|
, -
155
,
() : A call to stop the Saturn contract from
becoming the pattern is among the 25 resolutions adopted by Local 599 of
GM's Buick City auto complex in Flint, the largest of the UAW contingents
in GM ,
"
, 25 ,
599 ,
" ,
,
, .
:
the Saturn contract
"", GM " ", local
, auto complex
.
:...they had
the best pew at the Foundling...(Thackeray) "...
". Foundling
Foundling Hospital
' '. pew
'
.
: Foundling ' '
.
() : ... , ,
, ,
() "...You see, Prince, I was just running across
Nevsky Avenue in my dad's long three-year-old overcoat when she came out
of the shop and got into her carriage." '
' long overcoat.
, ,
,
,
, ,
..
"" . .
, ,
.
, , : I
teil you where you come from. You come from Anwell. Go back there - "
, . . ". Hanwell
(, , Anwell)
, -
156
,
, .
: .
. : At Harrow they called me the Woolwich
Infant ". Woolwich Infant,
, " "
, :
, (
).
: the Woolwich Infant " ".
|
|
|
,
,
. ,
" " ,
.
, , ,
, :
, , (
)...() Their malice, Indignation, and wit are all
typical of the men of that class (even before Famusov)...
Even before Famusov, ,
,
. . , ,
,
: early in the Century, at the turn of the Century,
etc.
, ,
. , ,
. ., ,
"" :
... , : , "
"... , -
!
) .. : ...but you're dead,
you know. Introduce yourself to her s a dead man and say, "The dead are
allowed to say anything" Princess Maria Alekseevna wont scold you ha-ha!
Princess Maria Alekseevna
: A personage in Wit Works Woe, the celebrated classical
comedy in verse by Alexander Griboyedov (1795-1829). Roughly, the Russian
equivalent of Mrs. Grundy;
) . :...but you're dead dead
introduce yourself as a dead man, tell her, "A dead man may say anything"
and that Mrs. Grundy won't be angry, ha-ha!
, . ,
,
, , "Speed the
Plough" (1798) . .
,
" ",
"". .. .
. ""
, ..
, .
.
:
, , ,
() As a type, Gogol's character Podkolyosin is perhaps an
exaggeration but he is not by any means a myth.
,
(, ,
, : Gogol's irresolute character
Podkolyosin...).
M.
" ": ,
" " Five-peaked Beshtau looms
blue in the west like "the last cloud of a dispersed storm" (-,
: like Pushkin's "last cloud...").
" ":
U n d e r s c h a f t...."My ducats and my daughter!"
. !"
" ", , ,
.
, ,
.
|
|
|
.
, , "Don't
Fall Off the Mountain",
: I was born into a cliche-loving middle class Virginia
family. be consistent with my background I should have married an
upstanding member of the community and had two or three strong-bodied
children who ate Wonder Bread eight ways.
. .
: Ich
wurde in ein; traditionsbewusste KleinbOrgerfamilie Virginias
hineingeboren. Um den klischeevorstellungen meiner Umwelt zu gengen,
htte ich ein aufstrebendes Gemeindemitglied ehelichen und ihm zwei bis
drei
wohlgeratene Kinder gebren mssen, die Gesundheitsbrot auf acht
verschiedene Arten assen.
,
: Ich kam im Virginia als King einer
klischeeliebenden Mittelstandsfamilie zur Welt. Htte ich ihren
gesellschaftlichen Vorstellungen treu bleiben wollen, htte ich ein
stattliches Mitglied unserer Gemeinde heiraten und zwei oder drei krftige
Kinder bekommen (kriegen) mssen, die Golden Toast auf achterlei Art
assen.
. : '
. ,
,
, '.
,
, .
,
. , . middle-class
family Kleinbrgerfamilie. .
, ,
. (
middle-class ).
, cliche'-loving . traditionsbewusst,
background
Klischeevorstellungen meiner Umwelt.
,
:...two or three strong-bodied children who ate Wonder Bread
eight ways. ,
. who ate Wonder Bread eight
ways
. , . (die
Gesundheitsbrot auf acht verschiedene Arten assen)
. ,
. ,
Golden Toast,
.
.
. cliche-
loving middle-class family '
'.
, . '
', ,
, , , ' '.
middle-class family ' ',
.
,
....two or three strong-bodied children who ate Wonder
Bread eight ways '... , ,
'.
.
. ,
"-" (...ate Wonder Bread eight ways)
,
.
, .
,
.
,
.
,
, .., ,
.
, ,
.. - .
.
,
,
(, , ),
.
,
,
.
,
.
:...
, ... , ,
. , ,
() That brother of mine cut
off he tassels from my dad's coffin at night; solid gold they was; cost a
fortune, they does. Why, damn him, I could send him to Sibena for that, so
help me, for it's sacrilege, it is...
( ) .
,
- .
, , , :
cost a fortune, they
does. they does , ,
- ( ),
.
solid gold they was ,
, .
. ,
.
,
.
,
. , ,
, , ,
, : Now then, Freddy: look wh' ' gowin,
deah... Theres menners Pyer! - banches o voylets trod into the mad... Ow,
eez ye-ooa son, is e? Wa!, fewd dan y'de-ooty bawmz a mather should, eed now
battern to sprawl gel's flahrzn than ran awy athaht pyin. Wil ye-oo py
me f'them (Shaw).
: "
, ? ! .
... , ? ,
. ,
, . , ".
"",
,
. ,
. . : What become of her new straw hat
that should have come to me?Somebody pinched it;and what I say is, them s
pinched it done her in " , ,
? . , ,
".
, pinch '', do
in '', what become (. what
has become what became), them s pinched it done her in (. those who
pinched it have done her in).
(, ),
( ).
: She thought you was a copper's nark, sir
(Shaw) " , , ". a copper's
nark , ,
11.. 311
, .
,
.
.
.
" ":
' When did you get married?' Rodger asked him.
'Lasta month. Montha for last. You come the wedding?'
'No,'said Rodger. 'I didn`t come to the wedding.'
'You missa something,'said Hayzooz. 'You missa damn fine wedding,
what a matta you no come?'
" ? .
. , . ?
, . .
, . .
, ?"
(lasta month, missa, come
the wedding).
:
( ,
, ),
( , ?).
,
.
, :
?
, ,
? ()
"Were you long in Chechna?"
"Quite a while ten years garrisoning a fort with a company. Out
Kamenny Brod way. Do you know the place?"
' ', ''
" " . ..
. . -
. .,
: . , ***
().
(garri-
soning).
,
,
.
,
"" ,
-
162
. ., :
, "
,
".
. (..
) ,
.
. :
that came as a great shock to him, and the poor general was 'most decidedly
the victim of his unbounded faith in human nature'.
.
, "
", " ".
unbounded faith in human nature
, . ,
.
. ,
, .
""
(,
, , , ,
.).
,
,
( ) [, 1976, 81].
,
,
, .
.
[Friedrich, 1972]
, ,
. , ""
"" ( )
darling.
: "... , ... !"
' You see, darling, I thought you were at your uncle's.'
,
, ()
:
, , , ,
.
! ! .
"
Tm sorry, Parfyon', he said, at last, looking embarassed;'perhaps, I haven't
come at the right moment. I can go away, if you like'.
'No, no!'Parfyon cried recollecting himself. 'Do come in. I'm glad to see
you'.
They spoke to each other like two old friends.
" ",
.
,
, ,
. " ",
"" ( ),
,
:
" ,
, . , ...
. ...
! - ? --!
, ?"
,
.
(, ),
( 3- ,
...),
. :
'If you're too lazy to mend the bell, you might at least wait in the hall
when people knock.There, now he's gone and dropped my coat, the oaf!'
They ought to sack you! Go along and announce me'.
'Well, now he's taking my coat with him! What are you carrying my coat for?
Ha-ha-ha! Why, you're not mad, are you?'
(oaf,
mad), 3- (now he's gone and dropped my coat; now he's
taking my coat with him). ,
"".
:
" " (please, would you mind...,
will you announce me ..).
""
(,
). , "" ,
,
: " , , ?"
damn it: 'Damn it...
you're not always going to stand in my way, are you?'
"" ,
"",
.
,
"" ,
:
" ! .
! . ,
, , .
" 'Out of obstinacy!' cried Ganya. 'You don`t get married
out of obstinacy too! What are you snorting at me for? I don't a damn,
sister dear! You can carry out your threat. I'm sick and tired of you.'
""
sister dear .
,
(
). , " "
,
, "",
"":
" ! .
, ?
, :
, , , ".
:
"" "
"; ""
.
:
'Ensign! Sir!' I said as severely as I could.
'Don`t you realize that I`ve come to see you?'
Ensign! Sir! ,
, ,
,
. ,
, ' you
.
, ,
" " . :
And girls and women... calling to him gaily and loudly as the train moved
out from one Station to another:
"Hello, Clyde! to see you again soon. Don`t stay too long there"
, - ...
: , ! .
, ".
, -
165
.
.
, , .
, ,
:
"MISS JEMINA!" exclaimed Miss Pinkerton, in the largest capitals. "Are
you in your senses? Replace the Dixonary in the closet and never venture to
take such a liberty in the future."
"Well, sister, it's only two-and-ninepence, and poor Becky will be
miserable if she dont get one."
"Send Miss Sedley instantly to me,"said Miss Pinkerton (Thackeray)
" ! ". (
. . . "
?
.
, , ,
.
, ".
.
, ,
, .
. .,
, ,
:"...never venture to take such a liberty in the future"; "Send
Miss Sedley instantly to "; , "Have you
completed all the necessary preparations incidental to Mis$ Sedley's
deperture?"
.
,
. ,
,
, :
1) D o o l i t t l e. Morning. Governor... I come about a very serioua matter,
Governor (Shaw)
. , ...
".
2) L a d y U t t e r w o r d. Nurse, will you please remember that I am
Lady Utterword, and not Miss Addy, nor lovey, nor darling, nor doty, Do you
hear?
N u r s e. Yes, ducky: all right. I'll teil them to call you my lady (Shaw) ,
" . , ,
, , , ,
.
. , , ,
".
,
, , governor.
governor -
, , ("Chambers's
Twentieth-century dictionary"). , -,
" ".
governor .
( ", ")
,
, -
: ,
ducky.
,
- .
. ,
XIX . (
. )
Little
Father Little Mother.
. . "
", . : 'Get out
of here,' I told him. 'You're poison to me.' 'Brother, don't I feel as bad about
it as you do!' " , ,
.
, , ?"
-
.
.
,
brotner , ..
,
"" ,
... (. . I, "
"). :
1)...a fact which both Belknap and Jephson realized and which caused
the latter to appear most frequently at Clyde's door with the greeting: "Well,
how's tricks to-day?" (Dreiser)
" ,
:
?";
2) ! .
, , ,
, , , .
. ()'Oh, to
hell with you!' exclaimed the swarthy man, looking disgusted. 'Fiveweeks
ago,' he addresed the prince, 'I ran away from my dad, with a small bundle,
like yours, to my aunt in Pskov. I fell ill of a fever and took to my
bed, and he died while I was away. Died of a stroke, he did. May his soul rest
in peace';
3) Well, I heard him say, 'By Jove, she's a neat little filly'(Thackeray) -
, : , ".
-
(, , ..). ,
(how's tricks today?)
- .
(.
? ?).
, ( !
).
: ! Oh, to hell with you!
Died of a stroke , ,
. -
.
,
- .
-
(, had a stroke and kicked the bucket).
- (.: by Jove!...a neat little filly).
!
(, ).
, ,
. , "
" , , ,
, ,
, ,
: Poor old man! Cheer up, brother: you'll find rest and appiness
ere...
,
- ,
:
Ere, buck up, daddy! She's fetchin y'a thick slice a breadn treacle, an a mug
a sky blue...
No good jawring about it. You're only a jumped-up, jerked-off, orspittle-
turned-out inscurable of an ole working man: who cares about you Eh?
Make the thievin swine give you a meal: they`ve stole many a one from you.
Get a bit o yours bark.
,
: There you are, brother. Awsk a blessin an tuck that
into you.
:
168
" ! , : ,
...
, , ,
...
, ! ,
, , ?
, -, !
- ...
, , ."
. ,
, ,
, (., ,
, cheer up tuck that into you . ,
). ,
,
(, cheer up
buck up , brother daddy
). skyblue ,
- (
,
a mug a skyblue ).
(setting), . ,
.
, :
And then a voice: "...Oyez! Oyez! All persons having business before the
honorable Supreme Court of the State of New York, County of Catarqui,
draw near and give attention. The court is now in Session" (Dreiser)
", ! ,
-, ,
! ".
, ,
the court is now in Session. ,
: '.
, :
!
, () "His excellency, sir,
requests your presence in her excellency's apartments,"announced the
fireman.
,
.
.
.. , , ,
" ,
, .. ,
,
, , , , , ,
..
,
().
() , , ,
, , , (, )
" [,, 1978, 60].
,
, , ,
.
""
. ,
.
.
. .
"- "
" "[.: , 1976, 111].
The New York Times Daily News
For decades architects in this Our only regret is that some such Step
country and abroad have been designing wasn't taken a long time ago and made to
and building homes that, depending upon stick... Philadelphia has recently slapped a
the climate, could be heated wholly or in similar no-parking order on its business
part by the sun... hasten wider use of area... Plenty of people at first will try to
solar energy in residential construction and chip holes in the no-parking rules, for their
to get various research under way on its own private benefits. We imagine more
application in industrial and commercial than one motorist will try to slip
use, the House of Representatives is somethmg to the nearest for letting
considering today a bill to establish a 50- him park awhile where he shouldn't.
million-dollar, five-year demonstration
program.
. ,
"- "
"
" , .
.
- ,
(, residential construction .
home building; its application in industrial and commercial use . its use in
industry and trade).
, "" :
, , (
"solar energy",
), (
) .
" "
, .
, to make something
stick '', to clap an order ' ', to chip holes
' ', to slip something ' ', ''.
" "
, .
,
:
-
,
" "...
, ,
,
... ,
... ,
, .
,
" "
"",
,
.
50
- ,
.
"- "
,
( , )
( , , ,
.). " ",
- (.
- , , .).
. ,
: , ,
, ,
. ,
,
... the unlnitiated rubbernecks who, with bated breath,
watch you from the ground, your flight looks like a pushover. Little do they
know how many long hours you have spent at the flight Simulator or how
hard the instructor has been sweating you.
.
( rubberneck ', ',
pushover ' ').
, ,
( , ,
),
.
,
(, ,
.),
,
, : ,
, () ,
,
( ,
, -
).
, ,
,
,
.
