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, . , ѣ ѣ , , , , , , , ѣ , ѣ , XIX XX ѣ ѣ ѣ ѣ . ѣ , ѣ , ѣ ѣ .
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- , . ѣ , ѣ 1914-1918 . . , ѣ ѣ. ѣ ѣ Russian Army in the World War, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace 45.
ѣ ѣ -
45) Yale University Press. New-Haven. Connecticut. USA. 1931.
, 46. , . . - , ѣ ѣ ѣ ѣ . , ѣ ѣѣ . ѣ , , .
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46) , (La désintégration de l'Armée Russe en 1917) - ѣ ѣ ѣ 1937 .
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ѣ , , ѣ, ѣ . . , 184748 . ., . 1866 1870 . . ѣ ѣ, ѣ - ѣ ѣ II, ѣ , ѣ . , , ѣ ^. . - . , ѣ1. ѣ ѣ, ѣ ѣ -
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1) Otto Bemdt ; Der Zahl im Kriege. Statistische Daten aus der neueren Kriegsgeschichte in graphischer Darstellung. Wien. 1897. Verlag von G. Freintag und Berndt.
. . ѣ, ѣ , ѣ - : . , , , .
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ѣ ; ѣ, ѣ , . , , , ѣ ѣ ѣ.
66- , ( )
ѣ XIX ѣ, .
, Otto , ѣ 25%. . , ѣ, ѣ , , . 1757 : ѣ , . , ѣ , -, , 2.
ѣ 1809 . , ѣ , , , ѣ ѣ, ѣ
2) . . . 2- ѣ , . 31, . , , 1911 .
, , ѣ ѣ, ѣ , ѣ ѣ .
, XVIII XIX ѣ ѣ , , ѣ ѣѣ, 25%.
ѣ ѣ , ѣ ѣ! , ѣ , ѣѣ, ѣ ; ѣ ѣ , a ѣ . , .
ѣ ѣ, Otto : ѣ , , ѣ , ѣ ѣ
3) ѣ , , . 21.
( ѣ 14% 19%, 12% 19%). XIX ѣ, ѣ ѣ . - 1870-71 . . % ѣ ѣ (ѣ 10%, 9%). 1866 . 7:9, , , 1859 . (8% ѣ 82 ѣ). , ѣ , , , ѣ , ѣѣ , ѣ.
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, , ѣ...
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, a ѣ, .
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, ѣ .
, ѣѣ . , . , ѣ % , , . , , . ѣ: - 1870-71 . ., , ( ѣ ) % ѣ 1/?; , ѣ , 3-. 1848-49 . . . % , : 1/^. ѣ .
,
ѣ : ѣ % ...
, , ѣ , . ѣ ѣ ѣ . , ѣ ѣ , : 43%, 43%, 15%, () 28%, 24%, 31%, 18%, 24%, 28%, 28%, 17%, . . , ѣ, ѣ ѣ . 2%, 4 1.2%, 2,2%, 5%... ѣ ѣ, , ѣ ѣ 5.
4) 1848 .
5) . . 151, 152.
2. 1618 1905 . .
^, , , , ѣ ѣ ѣ ѣ. 6. ѣ ѣ 1618 . 1905 . . ѣ ( ѣ ), ѣ ѣ 7 ѣ ѣ 1000 ѣ 500 . 1700 .
ѣ , 8. ѣ , ѣ , ѣ , ѣ ...
6) Dr. Gaston Bodart: Militaer - historißches Kriegs-Lexicon (1618-1905). Wien und Leipzig, 1908. Verlag W. Stern.
7) . . , ѣ ѣ.
8) . 33-44.
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, .
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... , , ѣ , , (1792-1801 . .) (1805-1815 . .) , ѣ ѣ , . , . ѣ 1792-1815 . . ѣ , ѣ , ѣ .
ѣ A. Martinien: Tableaux
des officiere tués ou blessés pendant les guerres de 1805 à 1815.
1805-1815 . . ѣ 60.000 .
, ѣѣ , ; , , , ѣѣ .
, 100 ѣ , ѣ ѣѣ .
, ѣѣ . ѣ , : 2- 1805 ., 22-23 1809 ., 5-6 1809 . : 14 605 -; 22 905 -;
42 1762 -. : 6.800, 42.000, 23.000. ѣ, , : 9,5%, 2,4%, 8%. .
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; ѣ ѣ . , , , 10.000 ѣ. ѣ 15%, , .
, , . ѣ ѣ ѣ, ѣ , ; , , ѣ (750 20.000 )...
...ѣ , ѣ ѣ , , 5-6 % . 30.000, ѣ 23.000.
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ѣ ѣ . . (2,4%) . , , ѣ , , ѣ 1805, 1806, 1807 1808 . .? ѣ , (5%-6%), a ѣ, 42.000 . , , , ѣ ѣ. ѣ, , ѣ . . , , (23.000).
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, ѣ.
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ѣ (1700-1721 . .) ѣ (1732-1733 . .) ѣ . ѣ , , , , ѣ 11% ѣ 17%. ѣ ( 5- 1757 ., 5- 1757 .).
. (17921801 . .) ; ѣ 9%, ѣ 16%. (1805-1815 . .) ѣ XIV. ѣ
15%, a ѣ 20%. ѣ ѣ XIX ѣ, ѣ- ѣ. , , ѣ , . ѣ , ( 15,3%, 25%, 31,4% 9, 29% 10, 20%, 44% , -27%12, 30%13).
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9) . (. . . .).
10) . (. . . .).
) . (. . . .).
12) . (. . . .).
13) . (. . . .).
- 1828-1829 . ., - 1830-31 . ., C-fe - 1861-65 . ., 14%; - 1848-49 . ., , , ѣ 4%; (1853-56 . .) 12%. % : 1859 . 9,5%, 1866 . 8%. - 1870-71 . . ( 20 ) 7,5%. - 1877-78 . . 14%, - 5%.
- (19041905 . .) ѣ ѣ , ѣ ѣ 12%, a ѣ 16%. ѣ, ѣ ѣ ѣ ѣ , , ѣ , ѣ Ѵ, ѣ ѣ . -
140.000, ѣ ѣ (610.000)....
ѣ . . ѣ , , , (% ) 14 , ѣ , % 1.
, 1897 , ѣ. ѣ .
. , ѣ ѣ , , ѣ, ѣ .
. . , ѣ ѣ , ѣ -
14) Der Zahl im Kriege. 15) , . 159.
, ѣѣ . 16 ѣ 1870 1914 . ѣ ѣ ѣ , . ѣ 1914 1870 . 1870 ( , ѣ ѣ ): , ; , ³, . 1914 ( ), ( ), 3- . . : . , ѣ ѣ , , , ѣ , ѣ ѣ .
82 , ѣ . ,
16) Militaer Wochenblatt, 15, 1937. Seiten 903-908. Die Verluste unserer Infanterie in den Erst-Schlachten 1870 und 1914, von General-Leut. a. D. Marks.
ѣ ѣ, (ѣ , ѣ , ), ѣ , XIX ѣ.
, , ѣ .
, 84 1870 1914 : - , ѣ, 44% ѣ, 1914 25Vi . 1914 1870 ...
ѣ ѣ . ѣ , .
, ѣ 1870 530 ѣ, 1914 300. .
. , , ѣ ѣ.
, , , 1914 ( ѣ ), ѣ ѣ , . , , , ѣ 340, ѣ 300 ѣ. ѣ ѣ , 6 84, ѣ ѣ ѣ .
, 1914 ѣ , ѣ 1870 .
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17) ѣ ( 1937 .). . . . . . . .
s
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ѣ.
ѣ, Otto ѣ -
: 78 (ѣ XIX ѣ) ; 73 40 ѣ ѣ , 33 ѣ18.
XVII, XVIII XIX ѣ, ѣ . 201 , ѣ , 10 ; 191 97 ѣ ѣ. , 94 ѣ 19.
, ѣ , , . ѣ .
ѣ ѣ ѣ ѣ , . ѣ . ѣ ѣ ѣ, . .
18) Der Zahl im Kriege, S. 143, 144.
19) Kriege - Lexicon, S. 821, 822.
, .
, ѣ ѣ , ; , , ѣ (ѣ , a ѣ XIX ѣ - ), 1618 1905 .
, ѣ , ѣ, ѣ. ѣ - ѣ, : ѣ, ѣ , , ѣ ѣ 10.000.
ѣ , ѣ , ѣ ѣ , . , , -
, , ѣ .
3. ѣ.
ѣ ̳ . .
- , , ѣ The Russian Army in the World War20. ѣ , ѣ , , ѣ.
, ѣ . , ѣ, ѣ, . -
20) New-Hawen; Yale University Press. London: Humphrey Milford: Oxford University Press. For the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace: Division of Economics and History. 1931.
, , , . , ѣѣ , ѣ, , ѣѣ ѣѣ . ѣѣ , . ѣ 1916 . : ѣ ѣ , , ѣѣ ѣ . ѣ ѣ , :
ѣ ............ 2.127.000
............ 1.651.000
- ........ 3.640.000
............ 851.000
........ 8.269.000
ѣѣ, ѣ. 1- 1916 .:
m
ѣ ѣ.......... 1.808.000
ѣ.......... 1.553.000
- ѣ...... 2.439.000
.......... 391.000
........ 6.191.000
, ѣѣ, 2.078.000 , .21
ѣ ѣ ѣ 30- 1917 ѣ ѣ ѣѣ ' . ѣ , ѣѣ ѣ ..
ѣ ѣ ѣ 20- ѣ (3- ), 1917 , . , ѣ
21) ѣ ѣ 1914-1920 . .. 1-, . 136.
9.050.924. 2.200.000 " ѣ , .
ѣ ѣ ѣ .
ѣ ѣ 1914-17 . ., . . . , , ѣ 22: , , . . , , , ѣ ѣ, ѣ, , ѣ .
, , ѣ. , ѣѣ , ѣ ѣ