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14

. ' , ' , , 볺,

:

  • ';
  • ( , . sharing);
  • , , ' . - , , ' - , , . , , , .

P2P (pear to pear), .

, 볺 , ' 볺 . .

' , . Napster WINMX . ( , , 䳺, ). . Direct Connect.

. ' , , . . Gnutella, Overnet, Kad.

peer-to-peer (P2P) 1984 IBM ' 㳺 (Advanced Peer to Peer Networking).

()

, , , . , , . eDonkey2000 OpenNap.

P2P- / . , , P2P-.

㳿 P2P '.

, 2008 P2P-, 1 , (1015 ) . P2P 100 .

P2P (', ), ' P2P, .

, Bittorrent, eDonkey2000, Gnutella2, Gnutella.

Bittorrent

Bittorrent 볺 (tracker), , , . , 볺 䳿 .

, (torrent file) , , . , , (seedr). , , : , .

, , , , , .

BitTorrent Bittorrent BitTorrent Azureus DHT. Kademlia , ' , ID . BitTorrent Azureus DHT 볺 BitTorrent Mainline DHT.

볺 Azureus, BitTorrent_client, μTorrent, BitSpirit, BitComet, BitTornado, MLDonkey.

Gnutella, Gnutella2

Gnutella , 2000 . , Gnutella2.

ϳ 볺 , ', ' ; . , , ( ), . (query flooding).

. , , (ultrapeers), (leaves) . .

, .

Gnutella DHT (Distributed Hash Tables) , Kademlia, .

Gnutella TCP UDP, HTTP. ' 볺 , UDP, XML- .

2003 Gnutella2 볺, 볺 Gnutella. ³ , (leaves).

- . ' . , , . .

"" , , ID , 䳺 , , . (random walk).

Gnutella2 , . , XML, . ID UDP.

볺 Gnutella Gnutella2: Shareaza, Kiwi, Alpha, Morpheus, Gnucleus, Adagio Pocket G2 (Windows Pocket PC), FileScope, iMesh, MLDonkey.

EDonkey2000

EDonkey2000 ' 2000 . 볺 ed2k-, ID .

- . .

2008 200 , 1 볺, 1 . 10 .

볺 EDonkey2000 , MFTP (Multisource File Transfer Protocol).

EDonkey. 2004 EDonkey2000 Overnet , ' , DHT- Kademlia.

EDonkey2000 볺 ( Pro - ) eDonkey, 볺 eMule, , EDonkey2000, P2P Kad Network (Kademlia). 볺 eDonkey , .torrent, , . , , , EDonkey2000, .

EDonkey2000. , FastTrek, FastTrek, , , 볺, Kazaa.

Direct Connect

Direct Connect. 볺 , ' . , , . , P2P-.

볺 ; ; .

 

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