14
. ' , ' , , 볺,
:
- ';
- ( , . sharing);
- , , ' . - , , ' - , , . , , , .
P2P (pear to pear), .
, 볺 , ' 볺 . .
' , . Napster WINMX . ( , , 䳺, ). . Direct Connect.
. ' , , . . Gnutella, Overnet, Kad.
peer-to-peer (P2P) 1984 IBM ' 㳺 (Advanced Peer to Peer Networking).
()
, , , . , , . eDonkey2000 OpenNap.
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P2P- / . , , P2P-.
㳿 P2P '.
, 2008 P2P-, 1 , (1015 ) . P2P 100 .
P2P (', ), ' P2P, .
, Bittorrent, eDonkey2000, Gnutella2, Gnutella.
Bittorrent
Bittorrent 볺 (tracker), , , . , 볺 䳿 .
, (torrent file) , , . , , (seedr). , , : , .
, , , , , .
BitTorrent Bittorrent BitTorrent Azureus DHT. Kademlia , ' , ID . BitTorrent Azureus DHT 볺 BitTorrent Mainline DHT.
볺 Azureus, BitTorrent_client, μTorrent, BitSpirit, BitComet, BitTornado, MLDonkey.
Gnutella, Gnutella2
Gnutella , 2000 . , Gnutella2.
ϳ 볺 , ', ' ; . , , ( ), . (query flooding).
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. , , (ultrapeers), (leaves) . .
, .
Gnutella DHT (Distributed Hash Tables) , Kademlia, .
Gnutella TCP UDP, HTTP. ' 볺 , UDP, XML- .
2003 Gnutella2 볺, 볺 Gnutella. ³ , (leaves).
- . ' . , , . .
"" , , ID , 䳺 , , . (random walk).
Gnutella2 , . , XML, . ID UDP.
볺 Gnutella Gnutella2: Shareaza, Kiwi, Alpha, Morpheus, Gnucleus, Adagio Pocket G2 (Windows Pocket PC), FileScope, iMesh, MLDonkey.
EDonkey2000
EDonkey2000 ' 2000 . 볺 ed2k-, ID .
- . .
2008 200 , 1 볺, 1 . 10 .
볺 EDonkey2000 , MFTP (Multisource File Transfer Protocol).
EDonkey. 2004 EDonkey2000 Overnet , ' , DHT- Kademlia.
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EDonkey2000 볺 ( Pro - ) eDonkey, 볺 eMule, , EDonkey2000, P2P Kad Network (Kademlia). 볺 eDonkey , .torrent, , . , , , EDonkey2000, .
EDonkey2000. , FastTrek, FastTrek, , , 볺, Kazaa.
Direct Connect
Direct Connect. 볺 , ' . , , . , P2P-.
볺 ; ; .
:
?