1. .
e.g. To skate is pleasant.- .
2. .
e.g. His hobby is to play tennis.- - .
3. .
e.g. She began to translate the article.- .
4. .
e.g. I asked him to help me.- .
5. .
e.g. I dont like the idea to stay at home.- .
6. .
e.g. I went to the station to see off the friend.- .
to :
1. .
e.g. Do they study at the University?- ?
2. . - ought to.
e.g. He can speak German.- -.
3. to see, to hear, to watch, to feel.
e.g. I heard her sing. - , .
4. to let .
e.g. I let them go there.- .
5. to make, to have to get .
e.g. She made me read this book.- .
6. had better , would rather, would sooner , cannot but
e.g. I cannot but admire your pronunciation.- .
7. , why not
e.g. Why not go to the theatre?- ?
.
(Complex Subject).
, , . . . :
To say, to state, to report, to announce, to believe, to suppose, to think, to expect, to know, to understand, to consider, to see, to hear.
:
To seem, to appear, to prove, to happen, to chance, to be likely, to be unlikely, to be sure, to be certain.
/ + +
e.g. He is said to live in Moscow.- , .
(Complex Object).
, . . :
to see, to hear, to watch, to notice, to feel, to observe, to believe, to think, to suppose, to consider, to find, to know, to declare, to order, to command, to ask, to rely, to count, to wait.
/ +
|
|
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e.g. I saw them cross the street. - , .
for (For-to-Infinitive Construction)
for, . . .
for + / +
e.g. It is easy for you to say that. - .
The water was too cold for children to bathe. - , .
(Participles).
, . , , .
| Active | Passive | ||
| Participle I | Non-perfect | asking | being asked |
| Perfect | having asked | having being asked | |
| Participle II | - | asked |
e.g. He sat at the table thinking. - .
The letters were typed. - .
:
1. .
.
e.g. He is listening to the radio-set.- .
He had written his report only by the evening yesterday. - .
These important problems will be discussed at the next meeting. - .
These important problems have just been discussed.- .
Participle I Continuous (to be +
Participle I). Participle II Perfect (to have + Participle II) (to be- Participle II).
2. Participle I- .
Participle I () () - . .
e.g. The engineer carrying out the research works in our laboratory.- , , .
The house being built in this street is multistoreyed.- , () , .
The rising sun was hidden by the clouds.- .
3.Participle II- .
Participle II : 1) -, -, -, -; 2) .
Participle II .
The problem discussed is of great importance. .
Participle II Past Indefinite.
. , Participle II.
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e.g. The device used helped us to increase the output.- .
The experiment described took much time.- .
4.Participle I- .
Participle I : 1) , -, -, -, -, -;
2) ;
3) - , .
e.g. Constructing new equipment the designer came across some difficulties.- , .
Being used for building purposes the material should have no defects.- .
Participle I when while.
e.g. When (while) tenting the motor the engineer applied new methods.- , .
5.Participle II- .
Participle II if (), unless ( ), although (), when () :
1) - ;
2) 蔖 ;
3) ;
4) .
e.g. When asked he answered at once.- , .
If heated all substances expand.- , .
