Утвердительная форма совершенного продолженного времени образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to be в соответствующем совершенном времени (have been, has been, had been, will have been) и причастия настоящего времени (Participle I) смыслового глагола:
e.g. We have been living here for three years.- Мы живем здесь в течение трех лет.
Настоящее совершенное продолженное время употребляется:
a. Для выражения действия, которое началось в прошлом и продолжается в момент разговора:
e.g. We have been translating this article since twelve o'clock.- Мы переводим эту статью с двенадцати часов.
b. Для выражения действия, которое началось в прошлом, продолжалось в течение определенного периода и закончилось до момента речи или до определенного момента времени в настоящем. В этом случае обычно указывается, сколько времени длилось действие:
e.g. Vincent opened his packet. "I have been doing a little sketching myself, he said.- Винсент открыл свой пакет. "Я и сам немного поработал над этюдами", - сказал он.
Прошедшее совершенное продолженное время употребляется для обозначения действия, начавшегося до какого-то момента в прошлом, протекавшего в течение целого периода и закончившегося до определенного момента в прошлом. Употребляется эта форма редко.
e.g. Не looked very tired when I came to his place for he had been preparing for his exams for several days.- Он выглядел усталым, когда я пришел к нему, потому что в течение нескольких дней он готовился к экзаменам.
Будущее совершенное продолженное время употребляется для выражения действия, которое начнется до определенного момента или периода времени в будущем и будет продолжаться вплоть до этого момента. Употребляется эта форма редко.
e.g. By the end of September we shall have been living here for seven years.- К концу сентября мы проживем здесь уже семь лет.
Сводная таблица времен.
Времена (Tenses)
Действительный залог (Active Voice)
Tense | Indefinite | Continuous | Perfect | Perfect Continuous |
Present | I ask he asks | I am asking he is asking | I have asked he has asked | I have been asking he has been asking |
Do I ask? Does he ask? | Am I asking? Is he asking? | Have I asked? Has he asked? | Have I been asking? Has he been asking? | |
I do not ask he does not ask | I am not asking he is not asking | I have not asked he has not asked | I have not been asking he has not been asking | |
Past | I asked we asked | I was asking we were asking | I had asked we had asked | I had been asking we had been asking |
Did I ask? | Was I asking? | Had I asked? | Had I been asking? | |
I did not ask | I was not asking | I had not asked | I had not been asking | |
Future | I shall ask he will ask | I shall be asking he will be asking | I shall have asked he will have asked | I shall have been asking he will have been asking |
Shall I ask? | Shall I be asking? | Shall I have asked? | Shall I have been asking? | |
I shall not ask | I shall not be asking | I shall not have asked | I shall not have been asking | |
Future-in-the-Past | I should ask he would ask | I should be asking he would be asking | I should have asked he would have asked | I should have been asking he would have been asking |
Should I ask? | Should I be asking? | Should I have asked? | Should I have been asking? | |
I should not ask | I should not be asking | I should not have asked | I should not have been asking | |
Показатели | today, usually, always, often, seldom, rarely, sometimes, nowadays, in the past, yesterday, last week, in1920, in the future, in 2 days, next month, in 2010, tomorrow | now, at this moment, from 5 till 7, at 12 o’clock, the whole evening, all the day | already, yet, just, never, ever, since 2002, by 2 o’clock, before 4 am | for 3 days, by Monday |