A. to understand . due to
because of to head
especially to found
to be at the head of to realize
to lay the foundation prominent
significance particularly
outstanding importance
31. ,
very.
very good; very much; very difficult; at the very beginning; at that very moment; at the very end; the very book; this very colliery; that very scientist; the very first; the very last; the very best
32. . . ,
- .
:
V.I. Vernadsky (1863-1945) is known as the outstanding mineralogist and crystallographer, the founder of geochemistry, biochemistry and radiogeology. Many research centres were established by him. He was elected president of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences in 1919. He conducted research in the geochemistry of rare elements. Vernadsky advanced a revolutionary theory of the origin of minerals which was described in his works An Experiment in Descriptive Mineralogy and History of Minerals in the Earth's Crust. He prospected for the radioactive minerals. The role of such minerals as radium and uranium was forecast by him.
33. ) - :
1) 20, 50, 68, 115, 1,379, 1,840, 6,040, 2,500, 9,000, 200,000,
3,000,000, 1,000, 1,200, 2,500,000, 184,000
2) : 1922, 1954, 1968, 1867, 1900, 1904, 1600, 2000, 1066
3) : 1/3,1/4,3/8,8/7,2/6,7/9, 0.1, 0.2, 0.35, 10.02, 30.2,
0.875
4) : 8%, 20%, 115%, 49%, 63%, 70%, 101%, 0.05%,
1,16%
) :
the seventeenth, two hundred and sixty-one, the forties, the eighth, the eleventh, the seven hundred and seventy-fifth, five thousand eight hundred and one, one thousand three hundred, four hundred and ten
) :
one third, a hundredth, a half, a quarter, two thirds, nine tenths, nine point eight, point nought nought six, four point nought five
34. , .
.
On July 20, 1969 men from the Earth stood for the first time on the surface of the Moon. The successful landing of Apollo 11 on the
surface of the Moon signalled the beginning of the study of the Moon's rocks and minerals, the new science of lunar geology.
About 150 scientists from laboratories throughout the world con- ducted a wide range of geological, chemical, physical and biological tests on the rocks returned to Earth. These scientific studies have led to new discoveries about the Moon. Most dramatic of all was that the Moon was born at the same time as the Earth, about 4600 million years ago.
It should be noted that the early astronomers, starting with Galileo who in 1610 first used a telescope, observed lunar surface.
The first astronauts to land on the Moon, Armstrong and Aldrin collected 22 kg (481 Ib) of rocks. Since then, another 5 Apollo lunar missions have taken place. Apollo 17 landed on the Moon on December 11, 1972. The total rock collected amounts to 382 kg (845 Ib) plus 0.13 kg (4.6 oz) from the two unmanned Russian Luna missions. At the Lunar Receiving Laboratories in Houston, the USA, are catalogued 35,600 small pieces of the Moon.
|
|
|
Our satellite is about '/4 of the Earth's size and'/, of its mass. Hence its gravity is only '/6 of Earth's.
The temperature changes between lunar day and night. Temperature ranges from 110 (230 F) at the height of the lunar day to -170 (-275 F) in the lunar night.
35. .
. .
1. Scientists of the Russian Academy of Sciences have been active in
developing geostatistics and computer techniques for mining and geology.
2. Much attention is paid to economic geology and mineral econom
ics for evaluation of mineral deposits.
3. Research is carried out in all the main branches of geology and
mining.
4. New methods of prospecting and extracting useful minerals have
been worked out.
36. ,
.
.
.
: Say what you are interested in. (geology) I am interested in geology.
a) Say what you (your friend) are (is) interested in. (conducting scientific research, prospecting for mineral deposits, the creation of new
mining methods, foreign languages, carrying out experiments, the system of education)
b) Say what the students were doing when you came into the laboratory. (to record the observations, to work out the plan of the experiments, to design a new quarry)
38. .
. :
afraid that's wrong; that's not quite so; I can't agree with yon; on the contrary; I'd like to say a few words; to my mind; in my opinion; as far as I know; as is known; I don't flunk so; according to the text
1. The Geological Society of Paris elected Karpinsky a foreign member
in 1910. He worked in the field of mineralogy.
2. Karpinsky was particularly interested in theoretical geology.
3. We do not know who was the first to introduce the microscope in
the study of petrographic slides.
4. Karpinsky worked on different problems concerning geology but
never gave lectures to students.
, .
laid the foundation; a prominent Russian scientist; was a member of; is connected with; was at the head of; took an interest in; advanced the view; was later confirmed; his greatest contribution to; he was the first to (do something); the first elected President; were attracted to
40. :
