(the) first 11 - eleven (the) eleventh
Two (the) second 12 - twelve (the) twelfth
Three (the) third 13 - thirteen (the) thirteenth
Four (the) fourth 14 - fourteen (the) fourteenth
Five (the) fifth 15 - fifteen (the) fifteenth
Six (the) sixth 16 - sixteen (Ae) sixteenth
Seven (the) seventh 17 seventeen (the) seventeenth
Eight (the) eighth 18 - eighteen (the) eighteenth
Nine (the) ninth 19 - nineteen (the) nineteenth
Ten (the) tenth 20 - twenty (the) twentieth
.
A (one) hundred (the) hundredth
One) thousand (the) thousandth
1,000,000 - a (one) million (the) millionth 1,000,000,000 - a (one) milliard ( ), a (one) billion ( )
, : 25 twenty-five; 58 fifty-eight; 47 forty-seven.
100, 1 000, 1 000 000 one :
( one) hundred 1,000 ( one) thousand 1,000,000 ( one) million
: 1,800 eighteen hundred. 100 , , , - and:
Three thousand six hundred and seventy eight 608 six hundred and eight
:
125- the one hundred and twenty-fifth
2 - a (one) half O.I - nought point one;
Zero point one
z/3 - two thirds 2.3 - two point three
'/4 a (one) quarter 2.35 two point three five
a (one) fourth two point thirty-five
, , .
, of:
2/3 ton two thirds of a ton
, of :
5.2 centimeters five point two centimeters
:
2% ( 2 ..) 2 per cent
Vg% (V, per cent 3/g ..) - three eighths per cent three eighths of one
per cent 0.2% (0.2 per 0.2 ..) nought point two per cent nought point two
Of one per cent
, , :
1907 nineteen seven ( nineteen hundred and seven)
1983 nineteen eighty-three ( nineteen hundred and eighty three)
:
18th September, 1986 - the eighteenth of September, nineteen eighty-six September 18th, 1996; September 18, 19% September the eighteenth, nineteen ninety-six
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20. ) :
[] 'many, 'member, head, 'readily, effective, 'president
[] 'foreign, 'modest, 'knowledge, 'prominent
[ae] a'cademy, 'rapid, 'rapidly, ex'tract, es'tablish
[:] re'search, re'searcher, work, 'working, Earth
[a] con'duct, 'country, crust, 'Russian, 'study
[a:] part, re'mark, re'markable, branch, 'charming
[ei] 'detailed, ere'ate, cre'ator, cre'ation, em'brace, mainly
) :
entire [m'taia], equal ['irkwal], epoch ['i:pok], committee [ks'miti], palaeontology Lpaelion'tolidsi], palaeozoic [,paeliou'zouik], stratigraphy [stra'tigrdfi], microscope ['maikraskoup]
21. 1-2 ,
.
abroad [ 'bro:d] adv foreign [ 'form]
confirm [kan'farm] v ; former [:]
investigate [in'vestigeit] v ;
consider [kan'sids] v , -
, justly [ 'djAStli) adv ,
contribate [ksn'tnbju:t] v
; contribution [,k3ntri'bju:Jn] prominent ['prominent] ,
, ; syn re-
crost [krASt] markable, outstanding
detailed [*di:teild] , - regularity [,regju'laeriti] -
elect [i 'lektj v , (- significant [sig 'ninkant] ;
); ( - significance [sig 'niftkans] ,
) ; exhaust [ig 'zo:st] the sig-
embrace [im'breis] v ; - nlficance
society [sa 'saiati] n
entire [in'tais] , ; ; staff [sta:f] n ; ;
syn whole
exist [ig'zist] v , ; rariousl'veariss] a , ,
to advance the view ( )
to be interested in (-.),
to take (an) interest in (-.)
22. ,
-/ (-ant):
1. Lomonosov founded the Russian school of mining.
2. Prospecting is an applied geological science which studies different
methods of discovering deposits of useful minerals.
3. Scientific research institutions solve important problems.
4. One of Karpinsky's significant works is about the formation of the
Donets Coal Basin.
23. , ,
:
create creator creation; elect election; investigate investigator investigation; recent recently; significant significance; consider considerable consideration; encourage encouragement; found founder foundation; manager management; exist existence
24. :
iron deposits extracting of useful minerals
discovery of salt existing conditions
to design effective mach- to forecast the deposit
ines for underground to investigate different systems
and open-cast mining the prominent scientist
an entire epoch remarkable works
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scientific activity industrially experienced engineers
equal skill the Earth's crust movement
the origin of platinum significant results
deposits
25.
:
President of the Academy of Sciences; academician; the history of geology; detailed geological map; the new stratigraphy of Russia; the regularity of the Earth's crust movement; petroleum deposits; the introduction of the microscope; the best lecturer
26. . , ..
.
.. Karpinsky (1847-1936)
V.A. Obruchev, I.M. Gubkin, A.Y. Fersman, V.I. Vernadsky and A. P. Karpinsky were the prominent Russian scientists who laid the foundation1 of the Russian school of geology and mining.
An entire epoch in the history of Russian geology is connected with Karpinsky's name. One of the greatest Russian geologists, he was a member and for some time President of the Academy of Sciences of the former USSR and a member of several Academies abroad. The Geological Society
of London elected him a foreign member in 1901. His greatest contribution to geology was a new detailed geological map of the European part of Russia and the Urals.
For many years he headed the Russian Geological Committee the staff of which was made up of2 his pupils. He was one of those geologists who embraced the whole of geological science.. He created the new stratigraphy of Russia. He studied the geological systems in various regions of the country and was the first to establish3 the regularity of the Earth's crust movement. His paleontological studies are of no less importance, especially those on palaeozoic ammonoids. He also took an interest in4 deposits of useful minerals and gave a classification of volcanic rocks. He advanced the view that petroleum deposits existed in Russian, which was confirmed later. He studied some ore and platinum deposits and may be justly considered5 the founder of practical geology of the Urals. He was the first Russian scientist who introduced microscope in the study of petrographic slides.
Karpinsky was a prominent scientist, an excellent man and citizen. He was one of the best lecturers at the Mining Institute in his time. He was also one of the greatest Russian scientists who later became the first elected President of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Students were attracted to him not only because he was a great scientist but also because of his charming personality and gentle manner.
Every geologist and every geology student knows very well Karpinsky's most significant work An Outline of the Physical and Geographical Conditions in European Russia in Past Geological Periods.
1 to lay the foundation ()
2 to be nude up of
3 was the first to establish
4 to take an interest in , -
5 may be considered (
)
27. , . .
1. Karpinsky was the first President of the Academy of Sciences.
2. He worked at the Mining Institute in St.Petersburg.
3. Karpinsky was a member of many Academies abroad.
4. Karpinsky made up a detailed map of the Asian part of our
country.
5. He headed the Russian Geological Committee.
6. Karpinsky created a new branch of geology, namely stratigraphy.
7. He only tried to establish the regularity of the Earth's crust
movement.
8. Karpinsky may be justly considered the founder of the practical
geology of the Urals.
28. :
1. What society elected Karpinsky a foreign member and when?
2. Did he head the Russian Geological Committee or was he a
member of that Committee?
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3. Did Karpinsky investigate various regions of the Russian territory?
4. Which of his works are the most remarkable?
5. What can you say about Karpinsky's investigations in petrology?
29. )
.
1. the Earth's crust )
2. prominent scientist )
3. deposits of useful minerals )
4. to make up a detailed map )
5. remarkable works )
6. to advance the view. e)
7. scientific society )
8. to head a Committee (to be at ()
the head of a Committee) )
9. to lay the foundation of )
10. to elect chairman (president) )
11. to take an interest in geology )
