43. Определите, какой из трех заголовков наиболее соответствует
содержанию текста В.
1. Education in the USA.
2. Higher Education in the USA.
3. Technical Higher Education in the USA.
44. Составьте 10 специальных и 5 разделительных вопросов к тексту В.
(Помните, что разделительные вопросы характерны для устной речи.)
ДИСКУССИЯ
Проблемы горного образования в России и за рубежом
Прочитайте текст «Mining Schools», подготовьтесь к обсуждению затронутых в нем проблем.
Слова для понимания текста:
to abandon — отказаться от, ос- reward — вознаграждение
тавлять staff — штат служащих, персонал
accountancy [a'kauntonsi] — бух- stock broking — фондовые опера-
галтерскос дело ции
award — присуждение (степени) supervisor [ 'sju.-psvaizaj — конт-
fame — слава ролер, надсмотрщик
gain experience [iks'pismns] — to tend — иметь склонность, тен-
приобретать опыт денцию
to hold a higher regard — быть trainee [trei'ni:] — стажер, прак-
более высокого мнения тикант
matartty [ms'tjusnti] — зрелость to waste — расточать
mill — обогатительная фабрика wealth [e] — богатство
recruitment fn 'kru.-tmant] —
набор
i
Mining Schools
As is known young people who are in their last year at school are planning the next stage in their education. The variety of courses at universities and colleges is extensive but many young people don't have any clear idea about the career they wish to follow. Those who are primarily motivated by wealth tend to choose law, business administration, economics or accountancy. Those interested in fame may choose the arts, the stage, or the media.
Except perhaps in the countries with successful manufacturing industries such as Germany and Japan, where engineers tend to be held in higher regard, a career in engineering is not often recommended with any enthusiasm by school teachers, politicians, TV, newspapers or teenage magazines. Those influencing young peoph tend to be pop singers, TV actors and sports stars.
It is no wonder, therefore, that many engineering degree courses find it difficult to attract students, with the result that young graduate engineers in many fields are in short supply worldwide. Courses in mineral resource engineering — mining geology, rock mechanics, mining, quarrying, mineral processing, and petroleum engineering have special difficulties in recruitment.
However, this is only part of the story. After graduation and the award of a degree, there is a strong wish to abandon the subject matter of the course and enter a career offering more reward: commerce, banking, accountancy or stock bracking. This causes disappointment to the academy staff who wasted all their efforts to give useful practical knowledge to the students. There is one more barrier to recruitment into the mining industry where management trainees should spend several years of practical training underground or in the mill. Modern mining and processing machinery, computer controlled and high in output capacity, cannot and should not be operated by young management trainees: nowadays operators are often highly skilled and from their ranks should come the line supervisors. Management trainees, after a brief period to acquire general knowledge about the operation, would be better trained by acting as assistants to managers and consulting engineers, and gain experience in planning surveying and ventilation departments, all areas where knowledge learned at a mining school can be utilized to good advantage.
It should be noted that there are mineral engineering courses which must provide a wide and general tuition, covering not only
mineral extraction and processing methods but also economics, business administration, computer studies, communication skills and basic civil and mechanical engineering which are vital for important career development to senior ranks.
