Вживання означеного артикля the

Правила

Приклади

Примітки

Якщоіменникзгадувавсяраніше

His car struck a tree. You can see the mark on the tree.

Якщо на предмет чи особу вказуєситуаціячи контекст

Pass me the salt, please. Who's at the door? — The postman.

(the salt on the table) (the one who comes to us)

Якщоіменникозначає один у своємуродіоб’єкт

the Earth, the sea, the sky, the Sun, the Moon, the stars, the universe, the equator, the Great Bear

Назвиіншихпланет вживаються без артикля: Mars, Pluto

При наявностіобмежувальноговизначення

The Smith you are looking for no longer lives here. The letters on the shelf are for you.

Зприкметникамиунайвищомуступені, порядковимичислівниками, словами only, next, last, left/right, right/wrong, very, opposite

It's the worst play I've ever seen. She's the only person for this position. He was the first man who helped me.

АЛЕ: She was an only child.

В узагальненомузначенні, коли іменникпредставляє весь клас людей, тварин, предметів.

The whale is in danger of becoming extinct. The Japanese admire the traditions of the Chinese.

АЛЕ: Man developed earlier than people think.

Якщоіменникєобставиноюмісцяівсполученнях in the street, to the cinema, in the country

Ann is in the garden. Can I go to the cinema? They always spend summer in the country.

Встійкихсполученнях the sooner the better, do the shopping, make the bed, on the whole, what’s the use? таін.

What's the use talking about it now? I haven't made the beds yet.

Артиклі з географічниминазвами

CATEGORY	NOARTICLE (Article ‘a’)	USETHE	EXCEPTIONS
Thingsconsideredtobeunique	* a full moon, a bright red sun ( like any noun with a descriptive attribute)	thesky,thesun, themoon, theground, theearth, theworld, theuniverse, thehorizon, the cosmos	nature, space Men’s ventures into space. I love nature.
Planets	Venus [vi:nэs], Mercury['mә:kjuri], 'Jupiter, 'Saturn, Uranus [ju'reinэs], Pluto, 'Neptune		Butthe planet we live in or the land we liveon: the Earth, the planet Earth or the earth
Continents	Asia, Africa, Australia, Europe, South/North America, Antarctica
The four cardinal points and directions		the north, the south, the east, the west, the north-west, the north-east the North / South Pole, the Equator, in the South of England	set expressions: from east to west, from north to south
Geographicalregions		the Arctic, the Antarctic the Far North, the Far East, the Middle East, the Midlands, the Caucasus, the Crimea, the Ruhr (in Germany), theDordonye (France), the Punjab (India)
Historicalreferences	Ancient Greece, Medieval Europe, Renaissance, Europe, Feudal France, Roman Britain, pre-war/post war Germany, present day Italy	But: theEurope of today (with a limiting attribute)	Note: The Dark Ages, the Renaissance, the Stone Age, the Victorian Age
Countries	Great Britain, Sweden, Switzerland, Denmark, Ukraine, Israel, China, Argentina*	but:theFranceof his youth · plural names the Netherlands, the Philippines; · the names which include words like ‘republic, union, kingdom, states’: thePeople’s Republic of China, the Czech Republic, the ARE or the Arab Republic of Egypt, the United Arab Emirates or the UAE, the USA, the UK	theVatican, the Congo, (the) Ivory Coast, (the) Sudan, (the) Lebanon, (the) Yemen, the Transvaal, Cameroun or the Cameroons the Argentine*
most states, counties, provinces, political and administrative regions of a country	Washington state, New Mexico, Florida, Texas, California, New England, Wiltshire, Westphalia, Bavaria, Kent, Venice (Holland is a region in the central-western part of the Netherlands.)	the state of Washington, the state of Texas, the whole ofVenice – усяВенеція
names of countries or regions or areaswhich have a geographical attribute	Northern Ireland, Highland Britain, Central Asia, Upper Austria, Lower Egypt, Southern France, Western and Eastern Europe, Latin America
Towns, cities	Chicago, Oxford, Vienna, Cairo ['kaiэrou], Kyiv, New York City but: It was a different Paris, unknown to her.	theChicago ofthe 1920s, the city of New York	the Hague (in the Netherlands, the seat of its government)
Streets, avenues	Downing Street, Oxford Str., Fifth Avenue, Charing Cross Road		the London Road, the Mall, the Champs of Elysees (Єлисейськіполя), theEdgwareRoad, the High Street but in the address: 24 High Street, 104 EdgwareRoad
Bodies of water: § rivers § lakes § gulfs, bays (usually smaller than gulfs),straits § cannels, channels § seas § oceans § waterfalls	Sg. Victoria Lake, Lake Huron, Lakes Michigan and Ontario, Loch Ness, Mono Lake, Lake Ladoga Hudson Bay, San Francisco Bay, Gibraltar	the (River) Thames, the River Seine, the Mississippi, the Nile, the Danube, the Rhine, theDnipro the lake of Geneva, the Baikal, the Huron (without the word ‘lake’!) Pl.the Great Lakes the Persian Gulf, the Gulf of Finland the Bay of Biscayne the Bay of Bengal the Strait(s) of Gibraltar, the Strait of Magellan, the Panama Canal, the Suez Canal, the (English) Channel the Black Sea, the Dead Sea, the Mediterranean the Caspian sea the Atlantic ocean, the Pacific the Iguaçu Falls, the Victoria Falls	theGreat Salt Lake Niagara (Falls)
§ islands	individual island Long Island, Hong Kong, Tahiti, Crete, Corsica, Cyprus [sai..]	groups of islands: the British Isles, the Hawaiian Islands, the West Indies, the Bahamas, theBermudas, the Canaries = the Canary Islands Note: the Isle of Man
Mountains, peaks, hills	individual mountain Ben Nevis, Elbrus, Everest, Mont Blanc, Snowdon, Kilimanjaro, Mount Fuji, Mounts Whitney and Rainier	mountain ranges the Andes, the Alps, the Himalayas, theCarpatians, the Appalachian mountains; the Rocky mountains or the Rockies, the Black Hills
Valleys		the Sacramento valley, the Hudson valley
Jungles, forests, rainforest		the Amazon rainforest, the Black Forest
Deserts		the Sahara, the Gobi, the Kara Kum Desert