.


:




:

































 

 

 

 





, , , .

: . .

: , 10 .. :

[ = i] = pi, I = ,-1, 0, 1, ,

,

i , ,

pi ,

i .

[ = i], , , ( ).

, i i.

xi x1 x2 x3 xn
pi p1 p2 p3 pn

- , 1+ 2 + 3 +... + n = 1.

.

:

1. 1000 . 1 1000 ., 4 500 ., 5 400 . 10 100 . .

: ( ) :

1 = 1000; 2 = 500; 3 = 400; 4 = 100; 5 = 0.

:

1 = 0,001; 2 = 0,004; 3 = 0,005; 4 = 0,010; 5 =1 ( 1+ 2 + 3+ 4),

5 =1 0,020 = 0,980.

:

 

xi          
pi 0,980 0,010 0,005 0,004 0,001

.

 
 

 

 


2. 3 , 2 1 . 2 . . .

: 3 1 , 1 . 1 2. 1 1 1 1 .

(1) = (2) =

, i 1. , . ( ):

xi 1 2
pi

. F (x), (); () = F (x).

: , , , .

F(x) , , .. F(x) = [ ≤ ].

, F (x) 0 1. , , (x 1, x 2)

(*) [ x 1< <x 2] = F (x 2) F (x 1), .. .

:

1. :

F (x) =

) F (x),

b) (0,25; 0,5).

:

)

 

 

b) (*) :

[0,25< < 0,5] = F (0,5) - F (0,25) = (0,5)2 (0,25)2 = 0,25 0,0625 = 0,1875.

F (x). . :

F (x) = 0 < x 1,

F (x) = p 1 x 1 < x 2,

F (x) = p 1 + p 2 x 2 < x 3,

F (x) = p 1 + p 2 + p 3 x 3 < x 4,

F (x) = p 1 + p 2 + p 3 +... + p n ≥ x n.

2. F (x) , .

:

F (x) = 0, < 0,

F (x) = p 1 = 0,0256, 0≤ < 1,

F (x) = p 1 + p 2 =0,1792, 1≤ < 2,

F (x) = p 1 + p 2 + p 3 = 0,5248, 2≤ < 3,

F (x) = p 1 + p 2 + p 3 + p 4 = 0,8704, 3≤ < 4,

F (x) = p 1 + p 2 + p 3 + p 4 + p 5 = 1, ≥ 4.

, :

F (x) =

:

F (x)

0,9

 

0,5

 

0,2

 

0 1 2 3 4 x

, F (x) i, . i , [ = i], .. . .

 

F (x), (), (i) .

, . -, . : y 2 1 -1 0,5; z = - y . -, , .., , () , . .

. , , .

1. .

, (a; b), (a; b) , (a; b) 0.

2. () .

. . . , , , - .

. . , , ( ), .

, , , , , .

. - , - , .

(. 4).

3. .

, , , , ( ).

,

n - , m - ( ), n (m) - , m , q = 1 - ( , ).

: 5 , , 6 ?

: n = 5, m = 2, p = , q = .

4. .

. , n , np = λ, n (m) , n m , .

, .





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