- , , , , . - . . . , .
: , ; ; ; , , .
. .
5.
:
1) ;
2) ;
3) ;
4) - ;
5) -;
6) .
, . . :
1) , . , : , ,
2) , , ,
) , , , ,
4) , . , , , , , , , .
5)
(copyright) , , , , , , , .
(Letter of Credit, . L/C) , (commercial letter of credit), .. . 3.4. .
(anti-dumping measures) , , , .
- (booking note) - . .
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- (berth note) - . , , , .
, (GDP, Gross Domestic Product) (, ), , . , : = + / + GP + - I, (consumption), / (investment), GP (government purchases), E (export), / (import).
, (GNP, Gross National Product) , , , , .
, (World Trade Organization, WTO) - 1947 . (). , 1 1995 . - (1986 1994 .), . / : ; ; ; .. (www.wto.org www.wto.ru).
(release) .
, , , (www.wto.org www.wto.ru).
() (customs declaration) () , , . , , , , , , , /, , , , , , ..
(declarant) , () () .
(demurrage) , , .
(dispatch) , - .
(documentary collection) () () ( ).
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(record of deal) . , , .
() (import (importation)) , , , , , - .
(importer) , (, ), .
(intellectual property) , , ( , , ..). - , - (know-how), , , , , , , ..
(inflation) , , , , ( , / ). , , , . , , , () () , .
(/) (quota (import/export)) / / .
(contract) - ( ) , , .
(bill of lading, . B/L) , , , . ; 1) , ; 2) ( ); 3) (), () , .
- , . , .
(conference lines) , , , ; , . : , , - ..
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(line shipping) , , .
(liner terms) , , ( ).
(lumpsum) .
(, ) - , (, .), .
(waybill) , ( ), ( ), ( ), ( ).
(non-resident) , , , , , , .
(passport of deal) , (, ) ( , ) , , , , , . .
(resident) , , , , , , .
( ) (Russian persons) , , , , .
(Russian goods) , , , .
(insurance policy) , , .
(laytime, laydays) /, , - .
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(stevedore) , , , - , / ().
(stevedoring) , - , / ().
() () (customs formalities (clearance)) .
(customs duty) , .
(customs payments: duty, taxes (e.g. VAT), fee, etc.) , (, ), , , , .
(customs carrier) (, , ), , .
(customs broker) , , .
- , . - , ( ).
(goods, commodity) ( ) , , , . , , .
( ) (Garmonized commodity codes system for foreign trade activity of Russian Federation) .
, , . ( ), .
(transit of the goods) , , , , .
- , . ( ), ( ), , , , .
(record card for imported goods) , () .
- - , - - . . 80-90% -, 10-20% , . - 3% .
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- , .
(Franchising) , () () , , -, . -.
(freight) , , , .
(FIO Free In and Out) , / / .
(FIOS Free In/Out and Stowed) , / .
(FIOT Free In/Out and Trimmed) , / / ( ).
Free In ( ) , .
Free Out ( ) ,
() (export(exportation)) , , , , , () .
(exporter) , (, ), .
: 8 2003 . 164- ( 15 2004); 28 2003 . 61-, 1 2004 .; 14 1998 . 63- ( 8 2003 .), 10 2003 . 173- , , - (www.garant.ru).
1. 13.10.1995 N 157- Ļ;
2. .. : . .: , 2008. 372 .;
3. .., .., .. : . 2- ., . . .: , 2006. 416 .
4. .. : . . .: , 2006. 400 .
5. .. : . 2- . .: , 2005. 105 .
6. : / .. . .: , 2007.
7. .., .. : . --: , 2005.
8. - : / .. . .: , 2004.
9. .. . .: , 2004.
10. . / .. , .. , .. . .: , 2003.
11. .., .. : . . .: ʻ, 2004.
12. .. : . .: -, 2005..
13. : . . / .. . .: , 2002. 304 .
14. .., .. . .: , 2001
15. .. . .: , 2004.
16. .. : ( ). .: , 2002.