| Wait for me. Do take care of yourself. | Don’t wait for me. Let’s go there. | Let him do it. Don’t let him do it. |
Word Formation. Словообразование. Suffixes. Суффиксы
| образующие существительные | образующие прилагательные | образующие наречия | образующие глаголы | |
| -er: teacher -ant, -ent: assistant president -ist: economist | -ive: active -ous: dangerous -ful: beautiful -al: national -ent:different, dependent -able: considerable -less: homeless -y/ly: windy, lovely -ible: responsible | -ly: dangerously quickly beautifully | -ate: decorate -ise:memorise, organise -(i)fy:purify satisfy -en:deepen | |
| -ism: humanism -ness: backwardness -ment: movement -ion: demonstration -ship: friendship -ance, -ence:independence -(i)ty: activity -ure: pressure | ||||
| Prefixes. Префиксы | ||||
| с отрицательным значением | со значением ошибочности | со значением общности действия | со значением повторности действия | |
| un-: unhappy in-: independence im-: impossible ir-: irregular il-: illegal dis-: disclose | mis-: misunderstanding under-: underestimate over-: overestimate | co-: co-operation co-existence | re-: rewrite rebuild, reread и другие: pre-: pre-war post-: post-war inter-: international | |
| non-:non-stop | ||||
Prepositions. Предлоги
Prepositions of place. Предлоги места
| on | на | near | около, вблизи |
| in | в | across | через |
| at | в | between | между |
| under | под | among | между, среди |
| in front of | перед |
Prepositions of Direction. Предлоги направления
| to | к, на, в | towards | в направлении |
| into | в = внутрь | out of | из = изнутри |
| from | из, от |
Prepositions of Time. Предлоги времени
| AT | IN | ON | |||||
| at 10.30 at Christmas/Easter at noon/ night at lunch/ dinner at breakfast at that time at the moment at the weekend | in the morning/ evening/afternoon/night in the Easter/Christmas/ holiday(s) in January in (the) winter (seasons) in 1992 in the 19th century in two hours (two hours from now) | on Monday on Easter Sunday on Christmas Day on Friday night on July 30th on a summer day on that day | |||||
| Перед словами yesterday, tomorrow, next, this, last, every не употребляются предлоги at, in, on. Come on Monday. We parted last year. Spring begins in March. We’ll meet next week. Our lesson will begin at ten o’clock. | |||||||
| before | до, ранее | till | до | ||||
| after | после | during | во время | ||||
| until | до | between | между | ||||
Предлоги с разными видами транспорта
| by | bike/motorbike/car/van/ lorry/train/plane/air/bus/ tram/ship | on his/that, etc. bike/motorbike in my/this, etc. car/van/lorry on the train/plane/bus/tram/ship |
| boat | on the boat (if a large boat) in the boat (if a small boat) | |
| on foot | ||
| get in(to)/ get out of a car or taxi | ||
| get on/ get off a bicycle, bus or train |
English Sentence
Английское предложение
 |  |
| Простое (Simple) | Сложносочиненное (Compound) |
| She is a doctor. | He is an old man and he is ill. |
| Сложноподчиненное предложение Сomplex Sentence | ||||
| Главное предложение + (Main clause) | придаточные предложения (subordinate clauses) | |||
| Подлежащие / Subject clauses Сказуемые / Predicative clauses Дополнительные / Object clauses Определительные / Attributive clauses Обстоятельственные: / Adverbial clauses (места, времени, причины, цели, условия, образа действия, уступительные) | ||||
| Тип придаточных предложений | Союзы | Предложения / Sentences: | ||
| Подлежащие | who, what, which, where, how, why, etc. | How this happened is not clear. | ||
| Сказуемые | that, if, whether, what, whose, why | The trouble is that I’ve lost his address. | ||
| Дополнительные | who, what, when, which, that | He told us that he was busy. The question is when she will arrive. | ||
| Определительные | who, that, whose, which | This is the book that I bought yesterday. This is a man who phoned you in the morning. | ||
| Обстоятельственные: | ||||
| места | where, whenever | We went where you sent us. | ||
| времени | when, while, after, before, till, until, since, by the time, as soon as, etc. | When I graduate from university, I will work as a lawyer. I’ll phone you as soon as I come home. | ||
| причины | because, as, for, now that, since | As it was Sunday, we decided to spend our day off out of town. | ||
| цели | so, so that, in order (that); that, lest. | I took a taxi in order that I could get home as soon as possible. | ||
| условия | if, unless, provided (that), supposing | If she doesn’t phone me, I’ll go there myself. | ||
| уступительные | though, although, in spite of the fact that | Though he is an Englishman, he can speak French well. | ||
| образа действия | as, as if, as though, that | She was so calm as if nobody had told her anything. | ||
List of Irregular Verbs
| Infinitive | Past Indefinite | Past Participle | Перевод |
| arise | arose | arisen | возникать |
| be | was, were | been | быть |
| bear | bore | borne | терпеть |
| beat | beat | beaten | бить |
| become | became | become | становиться |
| begin | began | begun | начинать |
| bend | bent | bent | сгибать (ся) |
| bet | bet | bet/betted | держать пари |
| bind | bound | bound | связывать |
| bite | bit | bitten/bit | кусать (ся) |
| bleed | bled | bled | кровоточить |
| blow | blew | blown | дуть |
| break | broke | broken | ломать |
| breed | bred | bred | выводить |
| bring | brought | brought | приносить |
| broadcast | broadcast | broadcast | транслировать |
| build | built | built | строить |
| burn | burnt/burned | burnt/burned | жечь |
| burst | burst | burst | разрываться |
| buy | bought | bought | покупать |
| catch | caught | caught | ловить |
| choose | chose | chosen | выбирать |
| come | came | come | приходить |
| cost | cost | cost | стоить |
| creep | crept | crept | ползать |
| cut | cut | cut | резать |
| deal | dealt | dealt | иметь дело |
| dig | dug | dug | копать |
| dive | dived/dove (US) | dived | нырять |
| do | did | done | делать |
| draw | drew | drawn | рисовать |
| dream | dreamt | dreamt | мечтать |
| drink | drank | drunk | пить |
| drive | drove | driven | ехать |
| eat | ate | eaten | есть |
| fall | fell | fallen | падать |
| feed | fed | fed | кормить |
| feel | felt | felt | чувствовать |
| fight | fought | fought | бороться |
| find | found | found | находить |
| flee | fled | fled | пролететь |
| fly | flew | flown | летать |
| forbid | forbade | forbidden | запрещать |
| forget | forgot | forgotten | забывать |
| forgive | forgave | forgiven | прощать |
| freeze | froze | frozen | замерзать |
| get | got | got(gotten-US) | получать |
| give | gave | given | давать |
| go | went | gone | идти |
| grind | ground | ground | размалывать |
| grow | grew | grown | расти |
| hang | hung | hung | вешать |
| have | had | had | иметь |
| hear | heard | heard | слышать |
| hide | hid | hidden | прятать |
| hit | hit | hit | ударять |
| hold | held | held | держать |
| hurt | hurt | hurt | обижать |
| keep | kept | kept | хранить |
| kneel | knelt | knelt | преклонять колени |
| know | knew | known | знать |
| lay | laid | laid | класть |
| lead | led | led | вести |
| lean | leant leaned | leant leaned | наклонять |
| leap | leapt leaped | leapt leaped | прыгать |
| learn | learnt/learned | learnt/learned | учиться |
| leave | left | left | оставлять |
| lend | lent | lent | одолжить |
| let | let | let | позволять |
| lie | lay | lain | лежать |
| light | lit/lighted | lit/lighted | зажигать |
| lose | lost | lost | терять |
| make | made | made | делать |
| mean | meant | meant | значить |
| meet | met | met | встречать |
| mow | mowed | mown/mowed | косить, жать |
| pay | paid | paid | платить |
| put | put | put | класть |
| read | read | read | читать |
| ride | rode | ridden | ехать (верхом) |
| ring | rang | rung | звонить |
| rise | rose | risen | подниматься |
| run | ran | run | бежать |
| say | said | said | сказать |
| see | saw | seen | видеть |
| seek | sought | sought | искать |
| sell | sold | sold | продавать |
| send | sent | sent | посылать |
| set | set | set | садиться (о солнце) |
| sew | sewed | sewn/sewed | шить |
| shake | shook | shaken | трясти |
| shine | shone | shone | светить |
| shoot | shot | shot | стрелять |
| show | showed | shown/showed | показывать |
| shrink | shrank/shrunk | shrunk | сокращать(ся) |
| shut | shut | shut | закрывать |
| sing | sang | sung | петь |
| sink | sank | sunk | тонуть, опускаться |
| sit | sat | sat | сидеть |
| sleep | slept | slept | спать |
| slide | slid | slid | скользить |
| smell | smelt/smelled | smelt/smelled | чувствовать запах |
| speak | spoke | spoken | говорить |
| speed | sped/speeded | sped/speeded | спешить |
| spell | spelt/spelled | spelt/spelled | произносить слово по буквам |
| spend | spent | spent | тратить |
| spill | spilt/spilled | spilt/spilled | проливать (ся) |
| spin | spun | spun | прясть |
| spit | spat/spit | spat/spit | плевать(ся) |
| split | split | split | раскалывать (ся) |
| spoil | spoilt/spoiled | spoilt/spoiled | портить |
| spread | spread | spread | распространять (ся) |
| spring | sprang | sprung | прыгать |
| stand | stood | stood | стоять |
| steal | stole | stolen | воровать |
| stick | stuck | stuck | наклеивать |
| sting | stung | stung | жалить |
| stride | strode | stridden | шагать |
| strike | struck | struck | ударять(ся) |
| swear | swore | sworn | клясть(ся) |
| sweep | swept | swept | мести |
| swim | swam | swum | плавать |
| swing | swung | swung | качать(ся) |
| take | took | taken | брать |
| teach | taught | taught | учить (кого-либо) |
| tear | tore | torn | рвать |
| tell | told | told | рассказывать |
| think | thought | thought | думать |
| throw | threw | thrown | бросать |
| tread | trod | trodden | ступать |
| understand | understood | understood | понимать |
| wake | woke/waked | woken/waked | просыпаться |
| wear | wore | worn | носить (одежду) |
| weave | wove | woven | ткать, плести |
| weep | wept | wept | плакать |
| win | won | won | выигрывать |
| wind | wound | wound | виться |
| write | wrote | written | писать |
