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Grammar TABLES

 

 

Noun. The Category of Number.

+ s, es
1) a book books a bag bags a box boxes a bus buses a shelf shelves a thief thieves a story stories a day days 2) a man men a woman women a foot feet a tooth teeth a mouse mice a child children an ox oxen 3) analysis analyses basis bases crisis crises thesis theses datum data phenomenon phenomena 4) deer deer sheep sheep swine swine aircraft aircraft fish fish fruit fruit (fruits = kinds of fruit)
5) means means; series series species species
- :   news money hair knowledge advice evidence luggage mathematics, etc. - :   people police wages outskirts scissors clothes trousers jeans, etc. , :   team family jury government media majority minority staff, etc. : brothers-in-law forget-me-nots merry-go-rounds men/women drivers
         

Noun. Possessive Case.

1) the teachers book (whose?) the childs bag   2) Tom and Anns wedding 3) Selfridges 4) my sister-in-laws house 5) PMs decision The teachers books the childrens bags , : 1) : the students papers 2) : a months holiday 3) : a miles distance 4) : Americas pilots 5) , : Aprils days 6) : country, nature, world, sun, climate; 7) : yesterday, today, tomorrow: yesterdays newspaper

Indefinite Article

1. - ( -, , ), to have(got), to be, there is, , . A woman is waiting for you downstairs. She has (got) a cat. Its a Siamese. Ive bought a car. Theres a vacant seat in the first row. I am a student. Hes an only child in the family. Ive read an interesting book.
2. . They lived a quiet life. He has a deep knowledge of the subject.
3. , , . Mr White, an engineer at our plant, spoke at the meeting yesterday.
4. , , , , . once a week, twice a month, in an hour; two pounds a kilo,70 kman hour; Wait a minute! Its not far, only a mile.
5. what . What a lovely day! But: What fine weather!
6. , such, quite, rather, most ( ). This is such a difficult problemfor me. He is quite a clever man. This is rather * a difficult question. Its a most interesting book.
7. , . Suddenly we heard a shot, then a second, and a third.
8. a little() a few(). If I have a little free time today. Id like to say a fewwords.
9. , . Ive bought a coat. The coat is not very expensive.
10. : a dozen, a hundred, a thousand, a million . If she had a million pounds, she wouldnt work.
11. :a lot of, as a result, as a matter of fact, as a rule, its a pity, its a pleasure, in a hurry, to go for a walk, for a while, to have a good time, to have a rest, to take a shower, to have a smoke, to give a call, to tell a lie, what a shame, in a week, a knife and fork, to catch (a) cold.
* rather . This is a rather difficultarticle.

Articles

Definite Article (with Common Nouns)

) ( )

1. , , ; . The village is not far from the city. Where is the book? I bought a flat. The flat is very cozy.
2. , . I dont know the title of his new book. This is the housethat was sold Also:
3. , . : the earth, the moon, the sun, the sky, the ground, the universe, the equator, the horizon, the atmosphere, the cosmos, the Milky Way; the country, the environment, the world, the cinema, the theatre, the radio (but: television), the government, the weather. The managertold you to do it at once. Open the door, please. I watch television in the evening, but I listen to the radio in the morning. (But: Turn off the television. = the TV- set)
4. , . They went into the restaurant and sat down at the table by the window. It was dark in the forest.
5. , . Pass me the salt, please. Where is the sugar?
6. , . 7. one of, some of, many of, each of, most of; all, both. Dreiser, the famous American writer, joined the Communist Party at the age of 74. Give me one of the books. Some of the mistakes are very bad. Most of the stories are very interesting. Each of the boys received a free ticket. Ive looked through all the magazines.
8. , , - , same, following , next last .   This is the most interesting book Ive got. He was worried by the sameproblem. Remember the followingrules. He missed the firstlecture. The lastweek of the month was full of events. She left school in 1999 and entered the university the nextyear.
9. , , . The old dont always understand the young. During the war she looked after the wounded. The English, the Welsh, the French.
10. , . the workers the bourgeoisie  
11. , (: man ) The dog is a friend of man. The rose is my favourite flower.  
12. : the police, the army, the fire-brigade, the bank, the post-office, the doctor, the dentist, the press, the telegraph. The police are looking for the thief. Im not well. Im going to the doctor.  
13. ( ). On the first of May/ on May the first.
14. , , , , , , , . The Constitution, the United Nations, the Pentagon (but: Parliament, Congress), the President, the Prime Minister, the Conservative Party, the Indians, the telephone, the piano (to play the piano),(but: to buy a piano), the tango.
15. : at the same time, in the original, on the whole, the other day (refers to the past), the day after tomorrow, the day before yesterday, in the morning /afternoon/evening, at the seaside, on the train, on the one(other) hand, in the rain, at the weekend, in the 1980s, at the end of, in the end, in the singular, in the plural, in the past, in (the) future, by the way, just the same, to tell the truth, to tell the time, out of the question, in the dark, in the sun.

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1. , . The Smiths. The Nightingales, The Browns;
2. , republic, union, kingdom, state, ; , . The USA, The Republic of Belarus, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, the Crimea, the Caucasus, (the) Ukraine (Also: the Brazil, the Argentine, the Congo, the Sudan, the Hague, the High Street), The French Revolution, the Ice Age;
3. , , , , , . The Atlantic Ocean, the Black Sea, the Thames, the British Isles, the Ontario(but: Lake Ontario), the Alps, the Sahara, the Suez Canal;
4. The North, the South, the East, the West But: from East to West, from North to South;
5. , , , , , , of. Also: the South Pole, the North Pole The Hilton (Hotel), the Odeon, the Classic, the Tate Gallery the Timesthe Queen Elizabeth, the Titanic the University of London




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