(Introductory verbs)
| Introductory verbs | Direct speech | Reported speech |
| agree+ to-inf offer promise refuse threaten | “Yes, I’ll do that for you.” “Shall I open the window?” “Of course I’ll help you.” “No, I won’t go with you.” “Stop interrupting or I’ll punish you.” | He agreed to do that for me. He offered to open the window. He promised to help me. He refused to go with us. He threatened to punish me if I didn’t stop interrupting. |
| Advise+ sb + to–inf ask beg command invite order remind warn | “You should see a headmaster.” “Could you help me?” “Please, please don’t hurt her!” “Stand to attention!” “Will you have lunch with me?” “Leave the dog alone!” “Don’t forget to ring Ann.” “Don’t go near the cliffs.” | He advised me to see a headmaster. He asked meto helphim. He begged me not to hurther. He commandedthe soldiersto stand to attention. He invited me to(have) lunch with him. Sheordered me to leave the dog alone. Sheremindedmeto ringAnn. He warnedmenot to gonear the cliffs. |
| admit + gerund accuse sb of apologise for boast of/about complain to sb of deny insist on suggest | “Yes, I told him the secret.” “You took the money.” “I’m sorry I arrived so late.” “I’m the wisest of all.” “I have a headache.” “I didn’t take the money.” “You must come with us.” “Let’s have a party.” | He admitted(to)telling/having told him the secret. He accused me of taking/having taken the money. He apologized for arriving/having arrived so late. He boasted of/about beingthe wisest of all. He complained to me of having a headache. He denied taking/having taken the money. He insisted on me/my going with them. He suggested havinga party. |
| agree + that-clause complain deny explain exclaim/remark promise suggest | “Yes, it’s a beautiful house.” “You’re always lying to me.” ”I didn’t take that book” “That’s why I didn’t take it.” “What a sunny day it is!” “Of course I’ll help you.” “You’d better see a doctor.” | He agreed thatit was a beautiful house. Hecomplained that I was always lying to him. He denied that he had taken the book. He explained to me why he hadn’t taken it. He exclaimed/remarked that it was a sunny day. He promised that he would help me. He suggested that I (should) see a doctor. |
| Note: admit, advise, boast, insist, threaten, warn, remind can also be followed by a that-clause in Reported speech. |
EXERCISES
| Exercise 1. | Write the correct form of say or tell in each blank space. |
| Model: | Mr. Brown said that he had been too busy to leave his office. |
| Mr. Brown said to his wife, “I have to go to this meeting.” | |
| Mr. Brown told his wife that he had to leave right away. | |
| “I will return in an hour or two,” Mr. Brown said. |
| 1. | Mr. Meyer ____ that he would describe his trip to us. |
| 2. | Mr. Meyer is ____ the boys about his trip to France now. |
| 3. | He ____ he had enjoyed the trip to France a great deal. |
| 4. | My friend _____ me that he was planning to leave right away. |
| 5. | John ____ to me, “I will meet you at the train station.” |
| 6. | “I think we should choose a better place to meet,” I ____. |
| 7. | Bill ____ his friend had ____him about the announcement. |
| 8. | Bill’s friend ____us that his friend would ____ everyone else. |
| 9. | “You didn’t ____ the word correctly,” Betty ____ frankly. |
| 10. | We couldn’t ____ the man exactly what Bill’s friend had ____. |
| 11. | Yesterday we ____ that Alice shouldn’t have ____ them anything. |
| 12. | “I really should have ____ the truth,” Alice ____ later. |
| 13. | “Alice ____ a lie about the matter last week,” Fred ____. |
| 14. | “I’ll ____ you a secret about that,” Fred ____ To his friends. |
| 15. | I ____ them that I hadn’t ____ a word about it to anyone. |
| 16. | Mary ____ to me unhappily, “I’ll never ____that story again!” |
| Exercise 2. | Change the direct speech in each sentence to indirect speech. Notice the use of the verbs say and tell in the examples. Also notice the use of the comma and quotation marks. |
| Model: | “I have written that letter already,” my friend said. My friend said (that) he had written that letter already. Carol said to me, “I will ask Mr. Harris about that word.” Carol told me (that) she would ask Mr. Harris about that word. |
| 1. | I said, “I can’t understand those two lessons at all.” |
| 2. | “I know those two girls quite well,” Catherine said. |
| 3. | Charles said to me, “I have to leave the office before 3:00 p.m.” |
| 4. | “My secretary didn’t finish the work,” Mr. Johnson said. |
| 5. | George remarked, “I can’t possibly finish the work by that time.” |
| 6. | Mr. Anderson said, “I have been smoking too much recently.” |
| 7. | “Our entire trip cost us two thousand dollars,” Mr. Brown added. |
| 8. | “Your health will improve very quickly,” the doctor said to me. |
| 9. | “It has not been possible to do that so far,” the man repeated. |
| 10. | “You must study hard for the test,” the teacher informed us. |
| Exercise 3. | Change the direct speech in each sentence to indirect speech. Notice the use of the verb askin place of the verb sayin the second example. Study the use of quotation mark carefully. |
| Model: | Where did you put my hat and gloves?” Martha asked me. Martha asked me where I had put her hat and gloves. Mr. Farrell said, “How soon can you pay the money back?” Mr. Farrell asked how soon we could pay the money back. |
| 1. | “How well does Miss Wang speak English?” the teacher asked. |
| 2. | The agent said, “When do you plan to leave for South America?” |
| 3. | The woman asked me, “Where can I find the director’s office?” |
| 4. | Fred said to me, “What will you offer me for this camera?” |
| 5. | “When must I turn in this report?” the treasurer asked. |
| 6. | Mr. Johnson asked Mary, “How soon can you finish the letter?” |
| 7. | “What kind of suit did you buy?” my friend Betty asked me. |
| 8. | Doris said, “Why should I reveal my plans to the other girls?” |
| 9. | “How long ago did you make the reservation?” the clerk asked us. |
| 10. | Father asked, “Who gave you all of the money to pay for it?” |
| 11. | The student said to the teacher, “What does the word outfit mean?” |
| Exercise 4. | Change the direct speech in each sentence to indirect speech (with interrogative sentences). Use both forms given in the examples. |
| Model: | Roger asked us, “ Have you seen the movie yet?” Roger asked us if we had seen that movie. Roger asked us whether (or not) we had seen that movie. I said to her, “ Do you understand that lesson?” I asked herif she understood that lesson. I asked herwhether (or not) she understood that lesson. |
| 1. | My friend asked me, “Do you enjoy your English classes?” |
| 2. | “Will everyone be ready to leave by ten?” the driver asked. |
| 3. | Frank said to me, “Did you give the letters to Mr. Watson?” |
| 4. | “Are you going to join that organization?” Howard asked me. |
| 5. | Doris said, “Do you like my new summer dress?” |
| 6. | “Can you go to the meeting with me tonight?” Bill asked us. |
| 7. | Mr. Moore said, “Have you taken the other two courses yet?” |
| 8. | “Do I have to lock both of the doors?” the clerk said. |
| Exercise 5. | Change the direct speech in each sentence to indirect speech (with imperative sentences). Study the examples carefully. |
| Model: | “ Show me your driving license,” the policeman ordered. The policeman ordered me to show him my driving license. The clerk said to us, “ Don’t come back before one o’clock.” The clerk told us not to come back before one o’clock. |
| 1. | The teacher said to us, “Write the next two exercises.” |
| 2. | “Turn left at the corner and drive two blocks,” the man directed. |
| 3. | My friend said, “Show me all of the photographs.” |
| 4. | “Don’t leave your coat on the chair,” Mr. Lane’s wife said to him. |
| 5. | I said to the waitress, “Bring me a cup of black coffee, please.” |
| 6. | “Be careful! Watch out for reckless drivers!” Frank urged. |
| 7. | The speaker said, “Don’t forget to vote for John Doe!” |
| 8. | “Stop now and give me your papers,” the teacher ordered. |
| 9. | I said to Miss Peters, “Come here and show me your notes.” |
| Exercise 6. | Change the direct speech in each sentence to indirect speech. |
| Model: | I asked Bill, “What will you say to your friends afterwards?” I asked Bill what he would say to his friends afterwards. |
| 1. | The announcer said, “It’s difficult to make a prediction so soon.” |
| 2. | Martha said, ‘Has your brother even taken an English course?” |
| 3. | Fred said to me, “Why did those people leave so early.” |
| 4. | Dorothy said to Don, “Turn the lights on in the living room.” |
| 5. | “Can you go to the party with me tomorrow?” Arthur asked us. |
| 6. | “No one has finished that part yet,” the teacher said. |
| 7. | “Go to the stoplight and then turn left,” the policeman directed me. |
| 8. | “When do you plan to leave for Boston?” my secretary asked. |
| 9. | Miss Peters said to us, “You can’t speak to him until tomorrow.” |
| 10. | Will you have enough money to pay for everything?” my boss asked. |
| 11. | Dr. Davis said, “How long will you stay in California?” |
| 12. | “Don’t forget about your appointment,” John’s friend reminded him. |
| 13. | “I told the police the truth about the accident,” the man repeated. |
| 14. | Mr. Shaw asked the students, “Did you enjoy your trip yesterday?” |
| 15. | “Where are all those two fellows going?” the man said to me. |
| Exercise 7. | Put the following into indirect speech, avoiding as far as possible the verbs say, ask and tell and choosing instead verbs from the box. |
| accept | assure | explain | offer | remind |
| accuse | beg | give | point out | suggest |
| admit | complain | hope | promise | thank |
| advise | congratulate | insist | protest | threaten |
| agree | deny | introduce | refuse | warn |
| apologize | exclaim | invite | remark | wish |
| 1. | He said, “Don’t touch the iron, it’s very hot.” |
| 2. | “Here are the car keys. You’d better wait in the car,” he said to her. |
| 3. | “Please, please, just tell me the truth,” she said. |
| 4. | “Would you like a toast with marmalade?” he said to the girl. |
| 5. | “Come in and look round. There are many goods on sale this week,” said the shopkeeper. |
| 6. | “If you don’t fulfill our requirements, we’ll kill the boy,’ said the kidnappers. |
| 7. | “I won’t answer any questions,” said the arrested man. |
| 8. | “I hope you’ll have a good weekend,” he said. “Don’t forget to give a call when you arrive.” |
| 9. | “I wish it would snow,” she said. |
| 10. | “Many happy returns of your birthday!” we said. |
| 11. | “Your house is the most extraordinary in the street,” said the neighbour. |
| 12. | “I’ll throw the TV-set away if you keep quarrelling about the program,” said their mother. |
| 13. | “I’ll wait for you, I promise,” he said to me. |
| 14. | “I’m sorry I’m late,” she said. “The bus broke down.” |
| 15. | “Ugh! There’s a slug in my lettuce. Waiter!” he cried. |
Литература
1. Evans, V. Round-up 5 / V. Evans. – Pearson Education Limited, 2006. – 209 p.
2. Naylor, H. Essential Grammar in Use. Supplementary Exercises with answers / H. Naylor, R. Murphy. – Cambridge University Press, 2001. – 113 p.
3. Thomson, A. J. Martinet. A Practical English Grammar / A. J. Thomson, A. V. Martinet. – Oxford University Press, 1986. – 385 p.
Оглавление
Предисловие. 3
Имя прилагательное (The Adjective) 4
Наречие (The Adverb) 13
Имя числительное (The Numeral) 19
Неличные формы глагола (Non-Finite Forms of the Verb) 25
Инфинитив (The Ifinitive) 26
Герундий (The Gerund) 44
Причастие (The Participle) 57
Модальные глаголы (Modal Verbs) 75
Предлог (The Preposition) 84
Союз (The Conjunction) 97
Повелительное наклонение (The Imperative Mood) 101
Сослагательное Наклонение (The Subjunctive Mood) 103
Предложение (The Sentence) 105
Простое предложение (The Simple Sentence) 105
Сложное предложение (The Compound Sentence and the Complex Sentence) 113
Согласование времён (The Sequence of Tenses) 129
Прямая и косвенная речь (Direct and Indirect/Reported Speech) 133
Литература. 142
Св. план 2013, поз. 18
Учебное издание
Илюкевич Ираида Игоревна
Левкович Татьяна Викторовна
Маликова Ирина Гаврииловна и др.
