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(Absolute Participial Construction)

( there). , , , , , , , , . . , .

Models:

Weather permitting, we shall go to the country. , .
This beingso urgent, we must reconsider our decision. , .
My mother was cooking dinner, my sister helping her. , .
We could not come to any conclusions, there being many objections to it. , () .
Things packed, we started off. , () , .

, , with. with .

Model:

The changes observed will be treated in two works, with the latter included in the present volume. , () ( ) .

. , other conditions (factors, things) being equal .

Model:

Other conditions being equal, the latency of inhibitory potentials did not change. .

 

XII. GERUND

Voice Tense Active Passive
Indefinite Translating being translated
Perfect having translated having been translated

, .

I. :

1. (Active, Passive).

Models:

I like reading. ().
He does not like being read to. ,
I remember having shown her the letter. , .
She remembers having been shown that book before. , .

2. .

Indefinite Gerund , , .

Models:

I am surprised at his missing lessons so often. , .
We think of going there in May. .
Swimming is a good exercise. .

Perfect Gerund , , .

Model:

She is surprised at my having missed so many lessons this term. , .

Perfect Gerund , . on (upon), after Indefinite Gerund, , , , .

 

Models:

On seeing his father, the boy ran up to him. , .
After concluding the contract, the representative of the firm left Minsk. , .

 

(Subject)

ing , , , , .

Models:

Smoking is dangerous. .
Meeting her seemed a good end to the day. .

 





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