Adjective + noun
Its a cold day today.
Do you like Belarusian food?
She doesnt speak any foreign language.
Look at those black clouds. Its going to rain.
, , .. .
a sharp knife sharp knives
: , . -er, -est ( ), more, the most ( ).
Eg. old older the oldest
nice nicer the nicest
hot hotter the hottest
narrow narrower the narrowest
happy happier the happiest
simple simpler the simplest
:
Eg. difficult more difficult the most difficult
careful more careful the most careful
interesting more interesting the most interesting
useful more useful the most useful
less , the least .
Eg. difficult less difficult the least difficult
interesting less interesting the least interesting
:
good/well better the best
bad worse the worst
far further (or farther) the furthest
little less the least
many (much) more the most
VIII. Adverbs ()
-ly .
quick quickly
bad badly
sudden suddenly
slow slowly
careful carefully
easy easily
: good - well
: hard, fast, late, early .
Sues job is very hard Sue .
Sue works very hard Sue .
look, feel, smell, taste, sound .
You look nice. .
IX. Tenses
Active Voice
Simple , .
Present Simple do (not)/does (not)=dont/doesnt .
always, often, never, usually, sometimes, every (day)
Eg. Belarus occupies the territory of 207,6 thousand square kilometers.
We start life as one cell.
Past Simple did (not) .
(before) yesterday, last, ago
Infinitive + ed
II
Eg. June 22, 1941 became a tragic landmark in the history of Belarusian people.
The war did great damage to the University.
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Future Simple will (not) + to Infinitive.
(after) tomorrow, next, in ()
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Note: when, if, as soon as, after, before, while, till/until Present Simple
Eg. Tomorrow we will have a rest.
I will phone you as soon as I come home.
Continuous , .
Present Continuous am/is/are (not) + Participle I
Participle I (PI) = Infinitive + -ing
Eg. Break-breaking, look-looking etc.
(just) now, at a given moment, still
Eg. We are studying (now)
.
Eg. What are you doing tomorrow?
I am going to the theatre.
Past Continuous was/were (not) + PI
Yerterday at a given moment
Eg. At 3 oclock she was working.
While she was watching TV he was washing the car.
Future Continuous will (not) be + PI
Tomorrow at a given moment
Eg. They will (not) beplaying from 5 till 7.
While he is studying she will beworking.
Note: like, love, want, know, understand, remember, depend, prefer, hate, need, mean, believe, forget, are not used in Continuous Tenses.
Perfect go .
Present Perfect have/has (not) been + Participle II ( ).
| P II = -ed or the 3-d form |
ever, never, just, already, (not) yet, recently, lately ; today, this week/month
Eg. Have you seen this film?
This week we have done a lot of work.
Past Perfect had (not) + P II
. ( ) .
Eg. By 5 oclock we had finished our work.
When I came she had already cooked dinner.
Future Perfect will (not) have + P II
by tomorrow, by 2 oclock, by Sunday
Eg. We will have done this work by Friday.
When you come she will have cooked dinner.
Perfect Continuous , , .
Present Perfect Continuous have/has been + P I
, (.. ) .
Eg. How long have you been living in Minsk?
- I have been living here for five years.
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Past Perfect Continuous had been + P I
, .
Eg. When he came they had been playing cards for 2 hours.
Passive Voice
Passive = be + Past Participle
(-ed
or the 3 d form ).
Present am/is/are (not) + P II
Eg. All organisms are composed of one or more cells.
Past was/were (not) + P II
Eg. The Belarusian State University was founded on October 30, 1921.
Future will (not) be + P II
Eg. The novel will be published next month.
Passive Active , .. , Active , Passive .
Eg. Shakespeare wrote Hamlet in 1599.
Hamlet, one of the great dramatic tragedies, was written by Shakespeare.
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Active Passive , . 
Shakespeare, Hamlet, .
Passive Active , , , .
Present Continuous am/is/are (not) being + P II
Past Continuous was/were (not) being + P II
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Present Perfect Continuous
Present Perfect have/has (not) been + P II
Past Perfect had (not) been + P II
Future Perfect will (not) have been + P II
