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Can could
1) , , Simple Tense. 2) , , , Prefect Tense. He canplay chess. Can she write English? He could play chess well when he was at school.   He cannot have done it.     Can she have said it? I said that he couldnt have done it. . -? , . ( , ). ? , .
May might
1)   2) ( . ) 3) () Simple Ind. Cont. Tense. Prefect Tense. You may take my dictionary. May I use your phone? - Yes, you may (can) - No, you maynot = (cant) = mustnt It may rain today, where is he? - He may be walking in the garden. She may not know his address. He may have left for Moscow. They may not have come yet.     , , , ? , , .   , , . , , . , , .
Must
1) , , Simple Tense. 2) ( ..), , Simple Tense. . , Perf. Tense. . I must do it now = I have to do it now. You must learn well.   He must be at home now. He must have forgotten to send a telegram. I must have lost the book at home. .   .   , , . , , . , , .
Should, ought (to)
1) , , Simple Tenses. . . , Perf Tense. . - , )     2) ,     3) , ( why) You ought to do it at once. You should call on him tomorrow. He ought to be more careful in the future. He shouldnt have gone there yesterday. You ought to have done it last week. The weather ought to be fine tomorrow. If he starts at five, he should behere by seven. Why should he be angry with me? Why should you dislike him so much? . . . . , , . , . ?   ?  
Neednt
1) ( Present and Future Simple . . 2) (Per. Ind. ) You neednt come so early.   You neednt have bought this book. I have one. . . .

 

XI. PARTICIPLE

 

(participle) , ( ). , : ?, ?, ?, ? , , , .

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  Active Passive
Participle I closing , being closed , , (-) (= )
Participle II   closed , , ( )
Perfect Participle having closed having been closed ( )

Participle I (reading, being read) , , -.

Models:

She is looking at the woman sitting at the window. , .
When going home I met my brother. , .
The large building being constructed in our street is a new school. , , .
Being packed in strong cases the goods arrived in good condition. ( ) , .

Participle II (discussed, sent) :

- , -.

Model:

When she came up she found the door locked , , .

- , -.

Model:

I had heard these topics argued between scientists for years. , .

- , -.

Model:

She sat on a fallen tree. .

Perfect Participle (having read, having been written) , , -.

Models:

Having lost the key, the boy couldnt get into the house. , .
Having been sent to the wrong address, the letter didnt reach him. , .

 

not .

 

Models:

Not asking her permission he took the book. , .
Not having learnt any Japanese, he couldnt understand the message. , .

 

I. e (Attribute (?, ?)





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