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. Artificial Intelligence




Artificial Intelligence

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In 2005 Science magazine asked the worlds top scientists about main problems which science should be able to solve in the nearest 25 years. The first top answers were What does the Universe consist of? and What is the biological nature of conscious?.

The field of artificial intelligence studying was established at Dartmouth Conference in 1956, but AI still hasnt been created. Nowadays we have great amount of gadgets with functions based on results of artificial intelligence creation process. The governments of worlds largest countries invest billions in AI construction: they and the biggest corporations organize megaprojects of artificial intelligence creation.

Last year an article of George Church, who is a Harvard professor, was published in Neuron magazine. He and his five colleagues suggested the project called Brain Activity Map, which goals to learn how to register the impulses of all the neurons in human brain. After the completion of it we may understand what the conscious is and maybe even the nature of different levels of conscious.

In the nearest future DARPA agency specialists are going to start the project to create the artificial intelligence capable to improve and teach itself. It doesnt mean modeling the human brain and then running this model on computer. DARPA plans to build machines which can learn using the algorithms of probabilistic programming, which means choosing the best problem solving technique from a database. During this process artificial intelligence can learn and after some time will be able to do simple tasks. At present many automatic analytical tools help people to get the work easier, but none of them can really teach themselves.

Americans are not the only ones ready to spend billions on brain research. EU countries approved the project Human brain which goal is no less than the working model of human brain creation.

The Space Race led people to the Moon, gave us wireless connection and GPS navigation, accelerated the development of computers, was a push to technological production and the economy as a whole. So what does the artificial brain race give us?

Virtual brain can help to understand the causes of psychiatric diseases. It can be used to model the effect of medicine and other methods of treatment. On the other hand, theres an opinion that AI just cant successfully simulate the genuine human empathy, and its a mistake to use it in such areas as working with clients or psychotherapy. The thing having even bigger consequences is the creation of neuromorphic computers imitating human brains functions. We need them to survive in the world of gigantic amount of data.

The main problem of artificial intelligence usage is the fact that with the development and improvement of it the human beings would play smaller part in doing and controlling processes. The development of special software with AI, robots and many other forms of automation may lead to the raise of unemployment caused by the capability of the machines to do the most of routine and repetitive jobs as good as humans or even better.

The scientist of Cambridge University researched the possible threats to human existence came to the conclusion that people may just disappear because of the creation of artificial intelligence surpassing the abilities of human intellect. Experts believe intelligent machines will be created in this century. In the scientists words, the main task is to neutralize the biggest trump cards of robots which include the absence of emotions and feelings like fear, kindness, and empathy.

 

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1. http://www.raso.ru/articles/innovations/article46060.html

2. http://rnd.cnews.ru/tech/news/top/index_science.shtml?2013/03/27/523887

3. http://www.km.ru/science-tech/2013/03/28/nauka-i-tekhnologii/707160-darpa-nachala-razrabotku-samoobuchayushchegosya-i

4. http://expert.ru/russian_reporter/2013/11/mozg-izmashinyi/

5. http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/dr-alex-rogers/artificial-intelligence-ai_b_2969797.html

6. https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/_

 





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