1. .
unit - , , gear
power transmission -
gearbox -
tractive effort
running gear
driving wheels
steering system
shaft
car springs
flywheel rear axle
clutch final drive
friction device
axle shafts -
crankshaft
brakes -
2. , .
to transmit - transmis sion; to connect connec tion;
to found found ation; to move move ment.
3. .
Transmission, system, mechanism, radiator, friction, automobile, cardan, portion, final, accelerator, pedal, position.
4. , 1 .
1. The chassis includes the running gear, the power transmission and the steering mechanism.
2.The power transmission consists of the clutch, gearbox, cardan shaft, rear axle, final drive, differential and axle shafts.
3.The clutch connects the engine with the driving wheels.
4.The gearbox changes the speed of the car movement.
5.The steering mechanism changes the direction of the car.
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TEXT
Chassis
The main units of the chassis are: the power transmission, the running gear and the steering mechanism. The power transmission includes the whole mechanism between the engine and the rear wheels. This entire mechanism consists of the clutch, gearbox, propeller (cardan) shaft, rear axle, final drive, differential and axle shafts.
At the front end of the car is the engine. On the back of it is the flywheel. Behind the flywheel is the clutch. The clutch is a friction device connecting the engine with the gears of the gearbox. The main function of the gearbox is to change the speed of the car.
The power is always transmitted by the cardan shaft to the live back axle. The final drive reduces the high speed of the engine to the low speed of the driving wheels. The differential enables the driving wheels to turn at different speeds which is necessary when turning the car. The foundation of the automobile is the frame to which different chassis units are attached.
The rear axle is capable of moving up and down about the frame. The rear axle is an important part of the transmission. It carries the greater portion of the weight of the car.
The steering mechanism is designed for changing the direction of the car.
The brakes are used for stopping the car, for decreasing its speed and for holding the car position.
The exercises to be done after reading the text
5. .
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1.What main units does the chassis consist of?
2.Where is the engine located?
3.Where is the flywheel fixed?
4.Where is the clutch placed?
5.What is the gearbox designed for?
6.By what shaft is the power transmitted to the back axle?
7.What does the rear axle do?
8.. What is the function of the differential?
9. What purpose is the steering system designed for?
10. What is the function of the brakes?
6*. , Complex Subject.
1.Transmission, running gear and steering mechanism are known to be the main units of the chassis.
2.The clutch is known to connect the engine with the driving wheels of the car.
3.The gearbox is known to change the speed of the car.
4.The steering mechanism is known to change the direction of the car.
5.Brakes are considered to be one of the most important mechanisms of the car.
7. ( ).
1. : , .
2. .
3. .
4. .
5. .
6. .
7. .
8. .
9. .
10. .
8. , , .
1.differential
2.steering wheel
3.clutch
4.rear axle
5.steering system
6.speedometer
7.brakes
8.gearbox
9.cardan shaft
a).mechanism used to increase the speed of the car
b).wheel used to turn the direction of the car
c).mechanism used to transmit power to the back axle
d).instrument used to measure the speed of the car
e).mechanism that slows or stops the car
f).mechanism used to guide the car
g).mechanism used to engage or disengage the engine with gearbox
h).mechanism used to carry the greater portion of the car weight
e).mechanism used to turn the wheels at different speeds
9. .
DIALOGUE
Transmission Mechanism
Teacher: Let's speak about the transmission mechanism. What main units does the transmission include?
Student: The transmission is the entire mechanism between the engine and the rear wheels. It includes the clutch, gearbox, cardan shaft, rear axle, final drive and differential.
T.: What does the clutch connect?
S.: The clutch connects the engine with the gearbox.
T.: And what does the gearbox do?
S.: The gearbox changes the speed of the car.
T.: What does the differential enable?
S.: The differential enables the driving wheels to move at different speeds when turning the car.
T.: For what purpose is the steering system used?
S.: The steering system is used for changing the direction of the
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car movement.
T.: And what is the function of the brakes?
S.: Brakes are used to slow or stop the car.
T.: That's right. You know the subject very well.
10. , .
Basic Troubles of Transmission Mechanism
The transmission of the engine torque to the driving wheels of the mitomobile must be smooth. There should be no vibration in the op- c rat ion of transmission mechanism within the range of travelling speeds.
The indications of malfunctions in the transmission mechanism components are as follows:
1.incomplete disengagement of the clutch;
2.difficult engagement or self-demeshing of gears;
3.run out and vibration of the cardan-drive shaft.
What to do in these cases:
1.Check the free travel of the clutch pedal and adjust it.
2.Check the oil level in the gearbox housing and wash breather channel.
3.Check to see that all the fastening bolts are securely tightened and that the trunnion crosses fit properly the bearings, and the bearings, in turn, the universal-joint forks.
1.unjust -
2.attach -
3.be capable - 4.breather channel - 5.check -
6.decrease the speed
7.driven wheels
8.driving wheels -
9.engine crankshaft
10. fastening bolts
11.fit properly -
12.flywheel
13.frame -
14.free travel -
15.gear lever
16.greater portion of the car weight -
17.hold the car position
18.housing ,
19.in turn 20.incomplete disengagement ()
21.level
22.fastening bolts-
23.fit properly-
24.malfunction ,
25.mount -
26.move up and down ( )
27.power transmission -
28.rear wheels 29.run out -
30.running gear 31.self-demeshing of gears - ()
32.springs
33. steering system -
32.steering wheel - ()
32.support , ( )
36.tighten ,
37.torque - 38.tractive effort
39.travelling speed
40.trouble 41.trunnion cross -
42.universal-joint forks -
43.wash
within the range
Unit Five
Text: Frame
Dialogue
