Reverse drive -
Shifting
sliding-mesh gearbox
Stand
Thin oil ()
Unit Eight
Text: Brakes
Dialogue
Exercises to be done before reading the text
1. .
brakes
force the fluid
Performance -
Under pressure -
safety
brakes are applied
depend
slow
braking effort -
divide -
push down on the brake pedal -
namely -
drum brakes
band brake
disk brakes -
shoe brake
hydraulic assisted brakes
brake shoes
brake fluid
brake pedal -
master cylinder -
2. .
Mechanism, passenger, type, hydraulic, cylinder, vacuum, function, classify, classification, mechanical, electric, electromagnet.
3*. , .
Safe safe ty; to improve improve ment; to move move ment; to drive - driv er; to apply - applicat ion; to attach - attach ment; to arrange - arrange ment; to perform - perform ance; name - name ly; to operate operat ion; to equip equip ment.
, .
TEXT
Brakes
Brakes are used to slow or stop the car where it is necessary. It is one of the most important mechanisms of the car as upon its proper
performance the safety of passengers depends. Car brakes can be divided into two types, namely: drum brakes and disc brakes. The drum type may be either a band brake or a shoe brake. Depending on their functions, the automobile has foot brakes and hand brakes (parking brakes). According to their mode of operation, the brakes are classified as: mechanical brakes, hydraulic brakes, airbrakes, electric brakes. Brakes are controlled by the brake pedal.
Most braking systems in use today are hydraulic. This system consists of a master cylinder mounted on the car frame and wheel cylinders. When the driver pushes down on the brake pedal, it forces the piston to move in the master cylinder and brake fluid is delivered from 11 to the wheel cylinders. The piston movement causes brake shoes to move and the brakes are applied (the brake shoes are pressed against the brake drums).
The air brake uses compressed air to apply the braking force to the brake shoes.
Electric brakes use electromagnets to provide the braking effort against the brake shoes.
Formerly brakes were applied only to the two rear wheels, but now all cars are equipped with all-wheels brakes. Today many improvements are being made in brakes.
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. 3. Brake System
