the Future ['fju:Cq] Indefinite Tense. , . shall [Sxl] will [wil] . :
to read
| I shallread | |
| he(she, it)willread | (, ) |
| we shallread | |
| you willread | |
| they will read |
to be to have Future Indefinite :
| will be a teacher. | . |
| I shall have a new dress. | , . |
can, may, must . , , 18.
. :
| Will you work? | ? |
| Willthey come? | ? |
Future Indefinite 1- . Shall I do it? ?, , ? .
Shall I open the window? , ?
Shall we go together? He ?
Future Indefinite not, . :
| I shall not see it. | . |
| will not do this. | . |
shall will , not:
| I | shall | I'll [aIl] | |
| he | will | he'll [hJl] | |
| shall not | shan't [SQ:nt] | ||
| will not | won't [wqunt] |
.
| Will he live here? Yes, he will. |
| Will you do this? Yes, I will. |
| Will they translate the text? No, they will not (No, they won't). |
| Shall we buy this book? Yes, we shall. No, we shan't. |
, . :
| will read and translate the text. | . |
| We shall go and ask him. | . |
Future Indefinite :
| I shall help you. | (. ). |
| I shall always help you. | (. ). |
Future Indefinite (, ), tomorrow [tq'mOrqu] , the day after tomorrow , next [nekst] week (month, year) ( , ), in an hour , in a day (a week, a month, a year) (, , ) . .
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I'll think about your plan. Will you give me your map? We'll see our friends tomorrow. They will easily find him. Shall I bring the box here? What will they do? Will they be here next month? I shall give you the answer in an hour. They will join us in (an hour) two hours.
1)
100 11. .
.
| one (a) hundred | |
| one hundred and one | |
| one hundred and twelve | |
| seven hundred and sixty-eight | |
| 1,000 | one (a) thousand |
| 1,001 | one thousand and one |
| 7,945 | seven thousand nine hundred and forty-five |
| 2,000 | two thousand |
| 100,000 | one hundred thousand |
| 1,000,000 | one million |
| 5,500,565 | five million, five hundred thousand, five hundred and sixty-five |
| 1,000,000,000 | one billion |
| 3,500,600,761 | three billion, five hundred million, six hundred thousand, seven hundred and sixty-one. |
:
1) hundred, thousand million -s .
hundred thousand . : two hundred persons 200 , three thousand books 3000 ; hundreds of people , thousands of books .
2) hundred thousand and:
| one hundred and thirty-five | |
| 1,022 | one thousand and twenty-two |
3) billion . , .. , , . , , , . ( milliard, , .) billion , .. 12 . , , .
4) , .
2)
:
| the first [fq:st] | |
| the second ['sek(q)nd] | |
| the third [Tq:d] |
-th:
| the fourth [fO:T] | |
| the fifth [fIfT] | |
| the sixth [sIksT] | |
| the seventh ['sevnT] | |
| the eighth [eItT] | |
| the ninth [naInT] | |
| the tenth [tenT] | |
| the eleventh [I'levnT] | |
| the twelfth [twelfT] | |
| the twentieth ['twentIIT] | |
| the thirtieth ['Tq:tIIT] | . . |
:
1) fifth five , twelve ve f twelfth.
2) ie: forty fortieth.
3) th : the twenty-sixth .
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The first lesson ['lesn] Lesson One 1
3)
; 3.45 .
, . :
| 6.740.801 | 6,740,801 |
| 5,7 | 5.7 |
. 3.707, , , .
:
| 1.5 | one point five |
| 8.56 | eight point fifty- six |
| 0.4 .4 | [qu] point four |
zero ['zIqrqu], [qu]. , , : 0.5 =.5; 0.25 =.25.
, -, , :
| 1/8 | one eighth | |
| 2/7 | two sevenths |
, 1. , .
a (an)
a (an) , , , . , , -.
| My friend is a teacher. | ( ). |
| Give me a notebook. | (-) . |
| There is a mistake in your translation. | (-) . |
| I met a friend. | () . |
a (an) :
My friends are teachers. There are mistakes in their translations. I met friends yesterday.
the
the, , , , , , . , , .
| They live in a new house; the house is very high. | ; () . |
| the Great October Socialist Revolution | |
| the Brest Peace | |
| the capital of the USSR | |
| the best student in the group | ( ) |
| the first socialist country in the world | |
| the Sun, the Moon, the Earth | , , ( ) |
the , , , , , :
the Thames , the Black Sea , the Atlantic , the Alps , the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (the USSR) , the United States of America (the USA) .
(), : life , love , mathematics , geology , air , water .
. :
history ; the history of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union ; grammar ; the grammar of the English language : air ; gas ; air is a gas ( ); the air was cold ( ) .
, , , , , .
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| I was there in spring (in December, on Monday). | ( , ). |
| Comrade White, Professor Black, President N. | , , . |
| Gorky Street, Fifth Avenue. | , . |
, no. :
| that teacher | ||
| your teacher | ||
| I am a teacher | my son's teacher | |
| any teacher | ||
| every teacher | ||
| They have no new teachers. | . |
4. -ure
-ure , . future , culture figure . , ( ) -. nature , literature . pressure to press .
-ure:
| pressure | culture | future | nature | literature |
| ['preSq] | ['kAlCq] | ['fju:Cq] | ['neICq] | ['lIt(q)rICq] |
. -, :
THE AIR
We live at the bottom of an ocean of a gas that we call air. Air is the gas which we know best, and, in discussing gases (I), we shall use it as an example. You must remember, however, that the laws that apply to air apply to all other gases.
Air has weight. We can easily show it if we weigh an incandescent lamp. Heat a spot on the lamp red hot (2), using a mouth blow-pipe (3). The air pressure will make a hole through the glass and the lamp will fill with air (4). Weigh it again and you will find that the lamp weighs more than before, because it is now full of air. Fill the lamp with water and find its volume. Now you have all the figures necessary to determine the weight of one cubic foot of air. Thus we know that the weight of a cubic foot of air at 0C (5) and 76-cm (6) pressure is.081 pound, or 12 cubic feet of air weigh a pound.
Since air has weight, it must press down on the surface of the earth. At sea level the pressure of the air on the surface of the earth is about 15 pounds per square inch. We often call this pressure of 15 lb. per sq in (7) a pressure of one atmosphere, but the figure 15 is not exact because the pressure varies with the level of the place and the height of the barometer at the time.
(1) in discussing gases ()
(2) red hot
(3) a mouth blow-pipe . mouth (. 5).
(4) will fill with air . with.
(5) at 0 0 . centigrade ['sentigreid] .
(6) cm = centimeter
(7) 15 lb. per sqin = fifteen pounds per square inch .
lb. libra . , .
again [q'gen] adv ;
apply [q'plai] v , (); ,
atmosphere ["xtmqs'fi q] n
barometer [bq'rOmitq] n
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blow [blqu], blew [blu:] v
blow - pipe ['blqupaip] n
cubic ['kju:bik]
determine [di'tq:min] v
discuss [dis'kAs] v ,
earth [q:T] n
exact [ig'zxkt]
example [ig'zQ:mpl] n
figure ['figq] n , ; ;
fill [fil] v ()
foot [fut] (=30,48 )
full [ful]
glass [glQ:s] n
heat [hi(:) t] v (); n , ,
height [hait]
hot [hOt]
if [If] cj
incandescent ['inkxn'desnt] ; incandescent lamp
inch [inC] (=2,54 )
level ['levl] ; ,
necessary ['nesis(q) ri]
per [pq:] prp , ,
pipe [paip] ,
pound [paund] n (. = 453,6 )
press [pres] v ; n ; ; ,
pressure ['preSq] n
remember [ri'membq] v
since [sins] cj , ; prp , ; adv
spot [spOt] n ;
square [skwFq]
surface ['sq:fis] n
through [Tru:] prp , ; adv
thus [DAs] adv ,
vary ['vFqri] v (),
volume ['vOljum] n ; ; ()
weigh [wei] v ();
weight [weit] n ;
, . :
| hot | heat ; |
| full | fill |
| high | height |
| weigh | weight |
| use [ju:s] | use [ju:z] |
| press | pressure |
, . . , . to apply ;to determine , ;example ; necessary ,.. . square , ( ), , .
since :
| is here since Monday. | . |
| I did not see him since. | . |
| Since you are here, let's work together. | (, ) , . |
figure, press, volume.
1. shall will. :
I be a teacher. buy five books. The trees grow. They come to Red Square at five. I find the exact figure. The wind blow. We discuss this example. You determine the height of the hill. You like it. They be busy tomorrow.
2. to discuss Future Indefinite , .
3. , Future Indefinite;
Cold winds blow in winter. They have all the necessary figures. She sleeps well. The girl is an engineer (). They remember you.
Future Indefinite .
4. Future Indefinite.
5. , :
, , , , , ,
6. :
13; 45; 233; 4841; 3701; 3,405,241; 4/6; 1/3; 0.7;.8; 4.16
7. :
2, 10, 30, 87, 92
8. , :
The surface of the sea is level. What is the level of the liquid? Do you often read foreign press? Next year we shall buy two new presses. He pressed his friend's hot hand. Give me again the fifth volume of Jack London's works. Find the volume and the weight of this body. The volume of our work is now greater than it was before. Since we have all the figures, we must determine the weight of the ship. He was not here since last summer. I read the book through. You can see the sea bottom through the water.
9. , , :
again, full, height, hot, necessary, often, Red, remember, weight
We shall use this example.... Do you... the... of the Earth? We... go by railway. What is the... of this hill? The box is... of apples. The water is too.... It is... to know all the figures. The main square in Moscow is... Square.
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10. , ;
how, however, hour, every; though, through, together, thought; often, open, only, other, own; too, than, thus, then; about, again, against, always, after; up, down; each, much; last, least; because, but, both; now, new, near, next; some, same; who, when, where, which, why, whose; usual, very, well, quite
11. .
I. :1,135; 1.23; 2,466,144;.6; 7/9
II. ;
. . . . 23- . ? , . . , . ? . . . .
III. 8 who, which, that 10 I. : ) ; ) ; ) . .
IV. Since air has weight, it must press down on the surface of the earth.
V. , Thus we know , . . ,
VI. :
exact, next, blow, second, example, height, weight, again, determine, often, if, since, apply, earth, tomorrow, week, press, square, remember, hot, surface, fill, level, weigh, necessary, full, pipe, spot, use, heat, volume, through, first, thus
VII. , :
, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
11 Past Indefinite, ; 10 I. 7, 9 10, .
