Indefinite () , (Active) (Passive). .
Indefinite
| Active Voice to ask | ||||
| Present | I ask | Do I ask? | Ido not ask | |
| Past | I asked | () | Did I ask? | I did not ask |
| Future | I shall ask | ( ) | Shall I ask? | I shall not ask |
| Passive Voice to be asked | ||||
| Present | I am asked | Am I asked? | I am not asked | |
| Past | I was asked | () | Was I asked? | I was not asked |
| Future | I shall be asked | ( ) | Shall I be asked? | I shall not be asked |
, , , . Indefinite .
2, . 362.
3. -al, -ic(s), -ern, -ion
.
- al ;
| person , | personal ['pq:snl] , |
| culture | cultural ['kAlC(q)r(q)l] |
special total , . , - al -.
- ic(s) , . cubic , mathematics , Atlantic , . , - ic(s) -, -.
- ic - al , -ical -. :
| grammar | grammatical |
| geology | geological |
| geography | geographical |
- ern : north northern ['nO:D(q) n], south southern ['sADqn], west western ['westqn], east eastern ['I(:) stqn].
- ion, , -, -.
| act | action , |
| collect | collection , |
| discuss | discussion , |
4. un-, in-, -
un -, in -, non - -, -. un - [An] , in - [In] ; non - [nOn] . in - m im - [Im].
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| true | untrue | |
| friendly | unfriendly | |
| action | inaction | |
| stop | non-stop | |
| personal | impersonal |
5. under-, over-
under over . under - over - . Under - [Andq] - -; over - [quvq] -, -.
| ground | underground |
| sea | undersea |
| oversea | |
| clothes | underclothes |
| heat | overheat |
| time | overtime |
- tion, - ssion [Sn], - sion [Zn]. , :
| translation | connection | definition | collection |
| [trxns'leIS(q)n] | [kq'nekS(q)n] | ["defI'nIS(q)n] | [kq'lekS(q)n] |
| expedition | exploration | division | collision |
| ["ekspI'dIS(q)n] | ["eksplO:'reIS(q)n] | [dI'vIZ(q)n] | [kq'lIZ(q)n] |
:
ON THE BED OF THE PACIFIC
(Six Miles Down)
We call our world "the earth", but really nearly three quarters of its surface is covered by the deep waters of the great oceans.
The land surface of the globe is well known today, but we do not know much about the bed of the sea, particularly the floor of the deep ocean.
In the past years four large oceanographic expeditions from various countries studied ocean depths.
Three of them the Swedish, the Danish and the British expeditions were " round -the-world" expeditions.
The Soviet expedition on the Viiyaz (1) worked on a smaller area in the North-West Pacific.
Sent by an Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences (2), the motor-ship Vityaz is equipped for exploration of the sea at any depth. It has all the necessary instruments hydrological, hydrochemical and geological. Sixty scientists can live and work on the Vityaz. It has 14 fully equipped laboratories.
The Vityaz studied a particularly deep area of the Pacific the Tuscarora Deep (3) running from the Bering islands to the Isle of Hokkaido.
The materials collected by the expedition are of great scientific interest (4).
The Tuscarora Deep going down over six miles (5), is one of the nineteen deepest spots found in the depths of the sea.
Fifteen of them are in the Pacific, most of them in the western parts of the ocean.
In 1864, an American ship, the Tuscarora,found a depth of nearly 28,000 feet in this area. This depth, well over (6) five miles, was at that time the greatest depth in that part of the ocean.
The greatest depth found by the Vityaz in 1953, however, was over 34,000 feet, some 6.5 miles.
This is over a mile deeper than the depth found by the Tuscarora. It makes it one of the deepest places in the Pacific Ocean.
By using echoes coming back from the sea floor, the scientists on the Vityaz mapped (7) its shape in great detail.
Earthquakes, and volcanic activity generally, was found over (8) a wide area, particularly in the northern part, where part of the sea bed dropped down hundreds of feet.
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Undersea volcanoes were found by the expedition. Deep water fishes were caught, many of them not only of the new species, but even of new" types, unknown to science.
Some of them have no eyes and they move about (9) with the aid of tentacles. Others have large eyes like telescope lenses, or eyes on the end of long stalks.
Adapted from Soviet Weekly
(1) on the Vityaz . the , , .
(2) the USSR Academy of Sciences ; the USSR ['ju:'es'es'Q:] = the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics = . the USSR Academy (. 5).
(3) the Tuscarora Deep
(4) are of great scientific interest
(5) going down over six miles 6 . over . over , .
(6) well over ,
(7) map . to map , .
(8) over .
(9) move about . About , .
academy [q'kxdqmI] n
activity [xk'tIvItI]
aid [eId] n ; v
area ['FqrIq] ; ;
bed [bed] n ; ; ; ; ;
British ['brItIS]
collect [kq'lekt] v
cover ['kAvq] v ; , ; ;
Danish ['deInIS]
deep [dJp] ; ,
depth [depT]
detail ['dJteIl] n , ; In ~ ,
earthquake ['q:TkweIk] n
echo ['ekqu] n
equip [I'kwIp] v , ,
expedition ["ekspI'dIS(q) n] n
exploration ["eksplO:'reIS(q) n] n
fish [fIS] n ; . . fish, fishes [fISIz]
floor [flO:] n ; ; ()
generally ['Gen(q) rqlI] adv
geological [GIq'lOGIk(q) l]
globe ['glqub] n ;
hydrochemical ["haIdrqu'kemIkql]
hydrological ["haIdrqu'lOGIkql]
institute ['InstItju:t] n
instrument ['Instrumqnt] n ;
interest ['IntrIst] n ; v
island ['aIlqnd] n
isle [aIl] n ( )
laboratory [lq'bOrqt(q) rI] n
lens | [lenz] n
material [mq'tIqrIql] n ;
oceanographic ["quSjq'nOgrqfIk]
pacific [pq'sIfIk] a ; ; the Pacific
particularly [pq'tIkjulqlI] adv
quarter ['kwO:tq] n
round [raund] ; n ; adv ; round-the-world
science ['saIqns] n
scientific ["saIqn'tIfIk]
scientist ['sIIqntIst] n ;
send [send], sent [sent], sent v
species ['spJSJz] n (. . .) (.)
stalk [stO:k] n (.); ,
Swedish ['swJdIS]
telescope ['telIskqup]
tentacle ['tentqkl] n
today [tq'deI] adv ;
type [taIp] n
undersea ['AndqsJ] ( )
unknown ['An'nqun]
various ['vFqrIqs]
volcanic [vOl'kxnIk]
volcano [vOl'keInqu] n
, . , , , . .
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science, scientific, scientist , , , . , . deep depth : long length ; high height .
various vary ( 12). , ; pacific , .
: undersea (under + sea), today (. day ). earthquake earth ; quake , .
round , around ( 13); generally general ( 11).
bed, floor, cover. . .
1. , , Present Indefinite Passive Voice, :
This text (to write) in pencil. This question (to discuss) everywhere. Ten thousand railway carriages (to make) by our works every year. Much new material (to collect) every month. Millions of letters (to send) every day. The table (to cover) with a red cloth ().
2. , , Past Indefinite Passive Voice, :;
No echo (to hear) for three seconds. All the details (to know) to the scientists. A new island (to find). Our ship (to send) to explore that area. The laboratory (to equip) for this kind of scientific studies. A fish (to catch).
3. , (tense), .
4. , :
A new globe was brought into the classroom. This area was often visited by scientists. New instruments were given to the scientists. The details are now known. New lenses were brought to our laboratory. When was the first fish caught? Were the instruments put on the table?
5. , :
, , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
6. 6 :
aid, various, the earth, large, ship, help, work, different, the globe, big, vessel, activity
7. 8 :
back, less, full, push, generally, small, western, front, new, more, particularly, empty, eastern, great, old, pull
8. , ch [k].
9. Indefinite to prepare , . 167.
10. , "In 1864...".
I. : "Sent by an Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences, the motor-ship Vityaz is equipped for exploration of the sea at any depth": sent? motor? any? to equip? ? I .
II. , "In 1864 , The greatest depth." -. 11 12.
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III. . , :
global, typical, unfriendly, inexact, unplanned, grammatical, ungrammatically, unscientific, incomplete, uncultured, adoption, completion, unnecessary, indifferent, unreal, an unwritten law, an unkind man, to overeat, underwater, undersized
IV. :
6,5 . . , , .
(of) . . . ? ? ?
V. - . :
1. How many expeditions studied ocean depths?
2. Where did the Soviet expedition on the Vityaz work?
3. Who sent it there?
4. How many laboratories has the Vityaz?
5. How deep is the Tuscarora Deep?
6. What did the Soviet scientists catch?
7. Why is the Tuscarora Deep called so?
VI. :
detail, activity, deep, send, floor, collect, aid, fish, today, bed, island, area, generally, various, earthquake, stalk, cover, the Pacific, round, species, depth, scientific, science, scientist, echo, particularly, lens, quarter, globe
VII. , :
, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , () , , , , ,
13 I II; 110 . , , .
