1)
:
. , , . -er [q], -est [qst ]. :
| warm | warmer | (the) warmest ( ) | ||
| wide | wider | (the) widest ( ) | ||
| big | bigger | (the) biggest ( ) | ||
| easy | easier | (the) easiest ( ) |
, , the :
| This bridge is the finest in London. | . |
| He is my oldest friend. | . |
:
) -r -est, : big, bigger, (the) biggest;
) i, : easy, easier, (the) easiest.
more [mO:] (the) most [mqust] , . . :
| definite | |
| more definite | |
| (the) most definite |
.
, . . :
| good | better ['betq] | (the) best [best] | |
| bad | worse [wq:s] | (the) worst [wq:st] | |
 much
many
| more [mO:] | (the) most [mqust] | |
, : ; ; .
2)
:
1) :
near nearer nearest , ,
2) :
solidly more solidly most solidly , ,
3) . :
| well | better | best |
| badly['bxdlI] | worse | worst |
| much | more | most |
| little | less [les] | least [lI:st] |
I
, , (participles). I, , - the Present Participle. . -ing [iN]. :
|
|
|
| open ['qup(q)n] | opening ['qupnIN] |
| live [lIv] | living ['lIvIN] |
| study ['stAdI] | studying ['stAdIN] |
| let [let] | letting [letiN] |
, -ing:
) - : to make mak ing
) , : to put putt ing.
I :
1) , :
a flying bird
a dancing child
2) , : the boys studying geography , .
- .
3) I . .
| I write you this letter, knowing that you are very busy. | , , . | |
| Don't stand here, doingnothing. | , . | |
| Hearing all this, I must answer. | , . |
4. some, any
some , any . , .
some any , .
Some , :
| There are some mistakes in your work. | . |
| My friend has some good books. | ( ) . |
| Someof these books are easy to read. | . |
some , .
| Sometwenty men and women are present. | . |
Any , some . any .
| Have you anypencils? | (-)? |
| We haven't anytime. | . |
| Are there anynew houses here? No, there aren't any. | ? ( ). |
any .
| Anyman can tell you this. | . |
| Come at anytime. | . |
5. some, any, every,
any, some. body , thing , no , where , . one , , . every ['evri] . , . thing:
| something | -, -, - |
| anything | -, - ( . . ), ( . ) |
| everything | |
| nothing | , |
|
|
|
| knows something. | - . |
| Does he know anything? | - ? |
| knows everything. | . |
| No, he knows nothing. | , . |
body one:
| somebody, someone | -, - |
| anybody, anyone | - |
| everybody, everyone | , |
| nobody, no one |
| There is somebody (someone) in that room. | - . |
| Is anybody (anyone) there? | - ? |
| Everybody (everyone) knows that. | . |
| Nobody (no one) likes him. | . |
no one :
No one likes him.
where :
| somewhere | -, -, - | |
| anywhere | -, - ( . . ), ( ) , ( . ) | |
| everywhere | ||
| nowhere |
These flowers grow everywhere. .
Nowhere in Europe can you see such trees. .
3 [N], ng, :
'sleeping, 'making, 'asking, 'finding, 'looking, 'knowing, thing [TiN], 'something
:
BATS
Birds fly and bats fly too. Is a bat a kind of bird or are bats and birds different animals? A bat is not a kind of bird, for (1) a bat has four legs and a bird has only two. Bats have teeth and birds have none; bats have large ears but birds' ears are only holes in the head.
The head and body of a bat is something like (2) the head and body of a mouse. The bats' legs help it to fly. Wide pieces of skin join them together. These pieces of skin act like wings.
Small bats eat flying insects. Larger bats also eat insects. Some large bats eat fruit. Nearly all bats eat at night and not in the day-time.
In the evening bats fly about up and down (3) in the air and catch insects. Their little teeth can bite hard insects.
Bats are busiest in the evening. In the day-time they usually sleep in a dark place. Bats do not do us any harm. They help us because they eat insects which we do not like.
In South America there is a bat which lives only on blood. Its throat is so narrow that only liquids can pass down it. This bat is not very big, only about four inches long, with wings about eight inches long when they are wide open. This little bat drinks the blood of animals and even of men. At night-time it flies into the house and comes down (4) on the sleeping person's arm or leg. It touches the skin so quietly that the man does not feel anything. Then the bat makes a very small bite with its teeth and begins to drink blood. The bat is so small that it does not drink a great deal of blood, but it takes enough to make the person feel ill.
Some people think that bats cannot see, but that is not true. They have eyes and they can see, though they cannot see very well. But they have better ears than men have and they can hear things which we cannot hear. Bats can feel where a thing is though they do not touch it. That is why they can fly about in the dark and catch little insects which they cannot see.
(1) for ,
(2) something like ;
(3) fly about up and down , . : , . . about . 9.
(4) comes down
act [xkt] v ; , ,
America [q'merIkq]
arm [Q:m] n ( )
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|
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bat [bxt] n
bite [baIt] v ;
blood [blAd]
busy ['bIzI] ; ;
catch [kxC] v ,
course [kO:s] n , ; of course ,
dark [dQ:k] ;
deal [dJl] : a great deal
down [daun] adv ; prp
drink [drINk] v
ear [Iq] n
enough [I'nAf] adv
even ['I(:) v(q) n] adv
evening ['I(:) vnIN] n
eye [aI] n
feel [fI(:) l] v
fruit [fru:t] n (); ()
hard [hQ:d]
harm [hQ:m] n ; v
head [hed] n ; ; v
help [help] v ;
hole [hqul] n
ill [Il]
inch [InC] n
insect ['Insekt] n
join [GOIn] v (), ();
leg [leg] n ( )
like [laIk] adv , ;
long [lON] ; adv
mouse [maus] n ; . . mice [mais]
narrow ['nxrqu]
none [nAn] pron, adv , , ,
pass [pQ:s] v ;
skin [skIn] n
sleep [sli:p] v ; n
so [squ] adv , ,
then [Den] adv ; ,
though [Dqu] j
throat [Trqut] n
together [tq'geDq] adv
tooth [tu:T] ; . , teeth [tJT]
touch [tAC] v ,
true [tru:] ,
wing [wIN] n
. arm leg, . - , - , . - : hand foot (. feet). .
, , . - , head.
, head ; -.; ; ; , ; (); , ; ; , ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; . . . , . , .. , . .
, (. 6).
| a head | to head |
| a hand | to hand |
| an eye | to eye |
| skin | to skin |
| a tooth | to tooth |
pass ( ); none no one. act , fruit (), course . : of course a great deal . a good deal.
like. like , ; like . to like , , 8. :
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| Like our friends we like this book. | , . |
7 - 10 200 . 350 .
1. , :
coolest, bluest, thicker, freer, worst, truer, better, smallest, greatest, slower
.
2. :
Her eyes are darker than Helen's. In summer my room is cooler than the other rooms. In winter it is the best and warmest room in the house. I like it best. The new bridge is longer and more solid than the old bridge. This dress is even worse than your black dress; it is older, too. Your hands are less hard than mine; they are whiter, too, because I work more. Give me some more water! We have less time than we want. The weather is colder in autumn than in spring though it is warmer than in winter.
3. .
4. I , .
5. some any :
Do you know... of these girls? There are... foreign visitors in the park.... of my friends live in this house. We haven't... time. Do you like... of these animals? Yes, I like... of them. No, I do not like... of them. Give me... water. We do not see... bats here. What fruit do you want (to buy)? ... fruit that is good for small children.
6. :
He says nothing. He does not say anything. No man can do this. Nobody can do this. I go nowhere in the evening. Do you go anywhere? I do not know anybody in this city. I know nobody in this city. He sees nothing on the hill. He does not see anything on the hill.
7. . . , .
8. , ;
Man has two () and two (). I () warm. The bird flies (). Let's () this bird. I () to study. Bats () insects. () bats ( ). We must () quietly. Have you () money? They are (). I cannot () () long, () my room is very quiet. Let's go (). The hole is ten () wide. Their () is (). There is no () in this insect. Birds have () and only two (). This animal's () is very thick. He is () older than she.
9. .
10. arm [Q:m], ear [Iq], eye [aI], head [hed], leg [leg], teeth [tJT]. hand [hxnd] , foot [fut] , mouth [mauT] pom. nose [nquz] .
11. - .
I. , . :
This book is (long . cm.)and (good cp. cm.)than the other book. It is (good , cm.)of all these books. But I want something (easy . .). Give me (easy , cm.)book in the library. He is my (good , cm.)friend. I have even (little cp. cm.)time than you, but I study (much . .). is (good , cm.)worker at our works. This river is (narrow cp. cm.)than the Thames.
. , . I :
() child. () woman. The man () at me. Workers () their work. The boy () birds. The animal () water. The () child. The () gate. () ships. The bridge () the two sides of the river.
III. :
I feel nothing. I do not feel anything.
, , .
IV. , . :
Are your children older than my children? Are his eyes darker than your eyes? I begin my work at nine; when do they begin their work? Their house is better than our house. I like our room better than her room.
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V. :
, . . , . , . , . , . , .
VI. - ; :
1. Do bats do us any harm? 2. How many legs has the bat? 3. Has it any teeth? 4. When do bats eat? 5. What do they do in the day-time? 6. How do they help us? 7. Why do some bats live only on blood? 8. Can bats see? 9. Do they see very well? 10. How can they feel where a thing is though they do not touch it? 11. How big is the bat that drinks blood?
VII. :
together, busy, inch, enough, sleep, then, ill, than, catch, act, feel, so, touch, help, drink, begin, fruit, insect, dark, hole, tooth, bite, skin, none, hard, join, down, even, harm, blood, pass, wing, evening, true, hear, throat, with, like, narrow, of course, a great deal
VIII. , :
, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
2, ( 8 9). 6-9, .
MEALS.
| breakfast ['brekfqst] | |
| lunch [lAnC] | |
| dinner ['dInq] | |
| supper ['sApq] | |
| to have breakfast (dinner, supper) | , , |
| When do you have dinner? | ? |
| We have dinner at seven. | 7 . |
| What do you want to eat? | ? |
| What do you want to drink? | ? |
| Give me the menu, please. ['menju:] | , , . |
| Please bring me | , ... |
| bread [bred] | |
| butter ['bAtq] | |
| cheese [CJz] | |
| fried eggs ['fraid 'egz] | |
| soft boiled eggs ['sOft 'bOild] | |
| eggs and bacon ['beIk(q)n] | |
| coffee ['kOfI] | |
| tea[tJ] | |
| milk [mIlk] | |
| sugar['Sugq] | |
| ham [hxm] | |
| soup [su:p] | |
| meat [mI(:)t] | |
| beef [bJf] | |
| mutton ['mAtn] | |
| veal [vJl] | |
| pork [pO:k] | |
| chicken ['CIkIn] | |
| fish [fIS] | |
| salt [sO:lt] | |
| potatoes [p(q)'teItquz] | |
| green peas [pi:z] | |
| lettuce salad ['letis 'sxlad] | |
| ice cream ['ais 'kri:m] | |
| an orange ['OrInG] | |
| an apple ['xpl] | |
| grapes [greIp] |
READING
PROVERBS
| laughs best who laughs last. | , . |
| Let the sleeping dog lie. | ( , ). |
| East or West, home is best. | , . |
QUOTATIONS
If it is not right, do not do it; if it is not true, do not say it.
Marcus Aurelius (Rome, 121-180)
An expert is one who (1) knows more and more about less and less.
Nicholas Murray Butler (USA, 1862-1946)
Have more than thou showest. Speak less than thou knowest. (2)
William Shakespeare (England, 1564-1616)
You can fool some of the people all of the time, and all of the people some of the time, but you cannot fool all of the people all of the time.
Abraham Lincoln (USA, 1809-1865)
Stay, stay at home, my heart, and rest: Home-keeping hearts (3) are happiest.
H. W. Longfellow (USA, 1807-1882)
(1) an expert is one who... , ... One . 22.
(2) thou showest thou knowest = you show, you know. 2- . thou [Dau] , .
(3) home-keeping hearts ,
