Now Id like to describe more specifically the translation process itself.
First of all I paid attention to abbreviations. The most interesting cases of translating abbreviated words are shown in the Table 1.
Table 1
ABBREVIATIONS
| ABBREVIATION | TYPE OF FORMING | TRANSLATION |
| LSD (Lysergic acid diethylamide) | Letter abbreviation | |
| VA (Veterans Health Administration) | Letter abbreviation | |
| L. A. (Los Angeles) | Letter abbreviation | - |
| IBM (International Business Machines) | Letter abbreviation | - |
| Boots Pharmacy Ltd. (Limited) | Shortened word | ( ) |
| USS (United States Ship) | Letter abbreviation | |
| CIA (Central Intelligence Agency) | Letter abbreviation | ( ) |
| Apple corp. | Shortened Word | |
| Hi-tech (High technology) | Shortened Word | - ( ) |
There are a lot of phrases in the text which contain attributes consisting of two or three words. The most widespread types of these combinations are shown in the Table 2.
Table 2
Compound words
| WORD | TYPE OF COMPOUND | TRANSLATION |
| Adjective+adjective | Chinese-Mexican | |
| Noun+adjective | world-historical | |
| Noun+past participle | sun-starved moss-covered bug-eyed long-haired | |
| Noun+noun | armakers Movieland | |
| Nouns consisted of three words | Prankster-Apple-Beatle | -- |
| know-it-all | ||
| Adjective consisted of three words | out-of-town | |
| Other combinations | start-ups |
Term is a name, expression or word used especially in a specialized field of knowledge. I found some terms in the book. The results of translating them are summarized in Table 3.
Table 3
TERMS
| TERMS | TRANSLATION |
| redwood | |
| graduate student | |
| faculty | |
| economist | |
| sociologist | |
| quartet | |
| semimythological | |
| novelist | |
| screenwriter | |
| transactional | |
| transcendence | |
| psychic | |
| manuscript |
While translating the text I found some borrowings or loan words from different languages. Some examples taken from the text are shown in Table 4.
Table 4
BORROWINGS
| WORD | ORIGIN | TRANSLATION |
| Athlete | Greek | |
| Gypsy | Greek | |
| History | Greek | |
| Idea | Greek | |
| Metropolis | Greek | |
| Rendezvous | French | |
| Existencialistas | French | |
| Bungalow | Bengali | |
| Moniker | Gaelic | |
| Graffiti | Italian | |
| Opera | Italian | |
| Studio | Italian | |
| Bongo | Congo | |
| ompanero | Mexican | |
| Lechon | Mexican |
I also found some borrowings from Latin language, they are called Latinisms. Some examples are presented in the Table 5.
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Table 5
LATINISMS
| LATIN WORD | TRANSLATION |
| Et cetera | |
| Superbo | |
| Pharmacy | |
| Circus | |
| Genius | |
| Junior | |
| Picture | |
| Religion | |
| Senior | |
| Silence | |
| Series | |
| Uniphorm |
In the process of translation I came across a range of false friends of translator or faux amis. These are pairs of words or phrases in English language that look or sound similar to Russian, but they are translated differently, for example:
Table 6
FAUX AMIS
| WORD | TRANSLATION |
| Novel | ( ) |
| Decade | ( ) |
| Intelligence | ( ) |
| Nation | ( ) |
| Manner | ( ) |
| Local | ( ) |
| Magazine | ( ) |
| Focus | ( ) |
| Actually | , ( ) |
| Familiar | ( ) |
| Department | ( ) |
| Effect | , ( ) |
| Original | ( ) |
| Major | , ( ) |
The original text contains a great deal of geographical and proper names. When translating them I had to pay attention to their interpretation. Several examples of this process are represented in the Table 7 and Table 8.
Table 7
GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES
| ENGLISH | RUSSIAN | METHOD OF TRANSLATION |
| La Honda | Transliteration | |
| Santa Cruz Mountains | - | Transliteration + semantic translation |
| San Francisco | - | Transliteration |
| Seattle | Transcription | |
| Perry Lane | - | Transcription |
| Menlo Park | Transliteration | |
| La Junta, Colorado | , | Transliteration |
| Puerto Vallarta | Transliteration | |
| Pacific coast | Semantic translation | |
| Flecha Amarilla | Transcription | |
| Guadalajara | Transliteration |
Table 8
PROPER NAMES
| PROPER NAME | METHOD OF TRANSLATION | TRANSLATION |
| Ken Kesey | Transcription | |
| Faye | Transcription | |
| Thorstein Veblen | Transliteration | |
| Stanford | Transcription | |
| the battle of Lake Peipus | Semantic translation | |
| Alexander Nevsky | Transliteration | |
| Shannon | Transcription | |
| Zane | Transcription | |
| Jed | Transcription | |
| Roland Kirk | Transcription | ʸ |
| Ravi Shankar | Transliteration | |
| Beethoven | Transliteration | |
| Ken Babbs | Transcription | |
| Neal Cassady | Transcription | |
| Dean Moriarty | Transcription |
There are some names of companies, magazines, streets, books, movies, etc. in the text. According to the rules of translation of these names I used different techniques and the results of this work are shown in the Table 9.
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Table 9
