1. - (). , , .
, . . "" , "" , , .
2. (.1).
E , - xÎX (, , ..). X , p-1 FxÌE . - ( ) gÎG g: xgxÎX. Fx Fgx Ux(g): FxFgxÌE. FiÎFx gÎG si(x).
[87] X.
e - Es s(x). ( - ) - " ", - S=Ese.
- :
þ E. () .
þ p X ( , , ), Fx xÎX ( ).
þ G, - .
þ Ux(g): FxFgx, gÎG ( Ux(g) " ").
þ s(x) Es ( ).
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þ e Es ( Es).
þ - S=Ese.
, S "" , .
3. , "" "" .
, , " - " , .
"" . -, , . , . -, , " - " , "" . (, ), (, , , "" ).
, " , , .
- "" "" . , (, , , ..) . , "[88]" . , (, ). "" , [89]. " " , , " " ( , (, ) - , , .
i c : , , " ", it + ct ¹const.
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.
: X=T. T G (, , - ), Z. , T=Z. Fx itÄct. E=iÄcÄT, p T. Ux(g), , , " ".
, " " it=0 ct=0 ( it>0 ct>0)
(1)
it ct, T=Z (ai, a), . 2 ( , - ., , 1).
(2)
b=Ti/Tc - 1 =(1,1), Ti Tc - " " 1.
E, Es - (c, c) - . . 2,
(3)
, S .
, , : im=min (it)<1 ( cm=min (ct)<1), - ( , it+=it , , it+=it).
, ( ) , "" . , , , "" ( - " ") (, ) ( "" 1 - . ), ( - . . 2).
, im<icr<1 ( icr - i), " " , . , "" " ", it>>1 () t>>1, .
(1). , " " - , " 1 (. . 2) [90].
4.. .
: t>>0 t<<0, t - , 0 - .
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- t>>0 ( ). , (., [91]).
, (1) - (2)
(4)
(4),
(5)
b=db.
, , ½a½,½b½<<1.
(6)
1 2 :
q a>b 1 , 2 - ; ( ) . 3.
q a<b 1 , 2 - , . . 4.
- .
a>0 , , , " " ( - , ). b>0 - , .
, a>0 b>0 " " . 1 , [92]. : "" .
.
, , [93] " " . 1, " " - . . 4.
, , , , (. . 3). , , , , .
, " " , "" - " ". - " , ".
, , - "" "" . " " , " " . (4) a b. (, " ") "" (. . 4). - , " " "".
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a>0 b<0 - (. . 3).
, "" 1 ( - ) Tc~½a-b½-1.
5. . , , i<<. , - . a>0 b<0, . 3. - .
, i , "" 1 (. . 2-4). : (6), (, ), b<0, . " " ( , ), a>0, .
: , () - . ( " " " " ), . , "" ( . 2: s3s2, ; - "" , ).
(. 5 ,). " " (. 5), "" (. 5) 111. " " ( ), - " ". , "" .
.
6. " - " . (, [94]), .
- : .
7. :
A) , - , " ".
B) - - , "" "", .
C) (1) - (2) . " ".
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D) (1) - (2) (4) , , , .
E) - , () - "" . .
8. , :
þ - (, - , - , ) " " " ", - [95], .
þ , "" ( , , , , f-b - ..).
þ "" - ( ) (, - ) , .
9. , .
- - , . : i, - c. (1), - (1) (2) ( (3) - ).
, (1) - (3) . , - " " ( i c - , , , ) - , " ".
, 3- "" (, ..), , "" . , , - ! - ("" "" ), - , / ( - , ).