.


:




:

































 

 

 

 





1. - (). , , .

, . . "" , "" , , .

2. (.1).

E , - xÎX (, , ..). X , p-1 FxÌE . - ( ) gÎG g: xgxÎX. Fx Fgx Ux(g): FxFgxÌE. FiÎFx gÎG si(x).

[87] X.

e - Es s(x). ( - ) - " ", - S=Ese.

- :

þ E. () .

þ p X ( , , ), Fx xÎX ( ).

þ G, - .

þ Ux(g): FxFgx, gÎG ( Ux(g) " ").

þ s(x) Es ( ).

þ e Es ( Es).

þ - S=Ese.

, S "" , .

3. , "" "" .

, , " - " , .

"" . -, , . , . -, , " - " , "" . (, ), (, , , "" ).

, " , , .

- "" "" . , (, , , ..) . , "[88]" . , (, ). "" , [89]. " " , , " " ( , (, ) - , , .

i c : , , " ", it + ct ¹const.

.

: X=T. T G (, , - ), Z. , T=Z. Fx itÄct. E=iÄcÄT, p T. Ux(g), , , " ".

, " " it=0 ct=0 ( it>0 ct>0)

(1)

it ct, T=Z (ai, a), . 2 ( , - ., , 1).

(2)

b=Ti/Tc - 1 =(1,1), Ti Tc - " " 1.

E, Es - (c, c) - . . 2,

(3)

, S .

, , : im=min (it)<1 ( cm=min (ct)<1), - ( , it+=it , , it+=it).

, ( ) , "" . , , , "" ( - " ") (, ) ( "" 1 - . ), ( - . . 2).

, im<icr<1 ( icr - i), " " , . , "" " ", it>>1 () t>>1, .

(1). , " " - , " 1 (. . 2) [90].

 

4.. .

: t>>0 t<<0, t - , 0 - .

- t>>0 ( ). , (., [91]).

, (1) - (2)

(4)

(4),

(5)

b=db.

, , ½a½,½b½<<1.

(6)

 

1 2 :

q a>b 1 , 2 - ; ( ) . 3.

q a<b 1 , 2 - , . . 4.

- .

a>0 , , , " " ( - , ). b>0 - , .

, a>0 b>0 " " . 1 , [92]. : "" .

.

, , [93] " " . 1, " " - . . 4.

, , , , (. . 3). , , , , .

, " " , "" - " ". - " , ".

, , - "" "" . " " , " " . (4) a b. (, " ") "" (. . 4). - , " " "".

a>0 b<0 - (. . 3).

, "" 1 ( - ) Tc~½a-b½-1.

5. . , , i<<. , - . a>0 b<0, . 3. - .

, i , "" 1 (. . 2-4). : (6), (, ), b<0, . " " ( , ), a>0, .

: , () - . ( " " " " ), . , "" ( . 2: s3s2, ; - "" , ).

(. 5 ,). " " (. 5), "" (. 5) 111. " " ( ), - " ". , "" .

.

6. " - " . (, [94]), .

- : .

7. :

A) , - , " ".

B) - - , "" "", .

C) (1) - (2) . " ".

D) (1) - (2) (4) , , , .

E) - , () - "" . .

8. , :

þ - (, - , - , ) " " " ", - [95], .

þ , "" ( , , , , f-b - ..).

þ "" - ( ) (, - ) , .

9. , .

- - , . : i, - c. (1), - (1) (2) ( (3) - ).

, (1) - (3) . , - " " ( i c - , , , ) - , " ".

, 3- "" (, ..), , "" . , , - ! - ("" "" ), - , / ( - , ).

 






:


: 2016-10-07; !; : 252 |


:

:

,
==> ...

961 - | 874 -


© 2015-2024 lektsii.org - -

: 0.046 .