. .
, : , .
,
. . (+ 1) . (+) , (m+n 1) ( ).
, (+ 1), , . , (+ 1).
. , - , , . , ( ) (+ 1) ( ).
( ) , , . , , .
[24].
1. () , m + n αi βj, :
αi + βj = cij xij > 0 ,
αi + βj cij xij = 0 .
2. i - , i - .
1 , :
) (i, j), (xij > 0): αi + βj = cij;
) (xij = 0): αi + βj cij,
αi + βj cij 0.
, , . . .
1. . , .
2. xij ≠ 0 αi βj. ֳ
|
|
αi + βj = cij, (4.2.6)
cij , .
+ 1, (4.2.6) + + 1. , , , αi = 0, (4.2.6) . ϳ , ,
αij = αi + βj cij.
αij , . . , αij > 0, . , , .
, ᒺ , .
. xij, . ³ +. . + , : , , +. , . θ. θ + , .
3. ϳ , 䳿 2.
, . , . .
. . 4.6.
4.6
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | ||
1 | |||||
2 | |||||
3 | |||||
, , . (4.7).
4.7
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | ||
1 | |||||
2 | |||||
3 | |||||
:
α 1 = 0. β 3 = 1, α 3 = 0, β 4 = 6, α 2 = 2, β 1 = 2, β 2 = 2.
|
|
αij = αi + βj cij:
α 11 = α 1 + β 1 c 11 = 0 + 2 7 = 5;
α 12 = α 1 + β 2 c 12 = 0 + 2 8 = 6;
α 22 = α 2 + β 1 c 22 = 2 + 2 5 = 1;
α 23 = α 2 + β 3 c 23 = 2 + 1 9 = 6;
α 31 = α 3 + β 1 c 31 = 0 + 2 9 = 7;
α 14 = α 1 + β 4 c 14 = 0 + 6 2 = 4.
4.8.
4.8
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | ||
1 | |||||
2 | |||||
3 | |||||
, α 14 = 4 > 0. . .
160 | + | ||
+30 | 90 |
90. , , 4.9. . 4.9 : , , . 3 4 .
ϳ (. 4.9).
4.9
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | ||
1 | |||||
2 | |||||
3 | |||||
. . :
α 1 = 0. : β 3 = 1, β 4 = 2, α 3 = 0, α 2 = 6, β 1 = 2, β 2 = 2.
:
α 11 = β 1 α 1 7 = 2 0 7 = 9;
α 12 = β 2 α 1 8 = 2 0 8 = 6;
α 22 = β 2 α 2 5 = 2 + 6 5 = 3;
α 23 = β 3 α 2 9 = 1 + 6 9 = 2;
α 31 = β 1 α 3 9 = 2 0 9 = 11;
α 34 = β 4 α 3 6 = 2 0 6 = 4.
α 22 = 3 > 0, . .
70 | +90 | ||
+ | 20 | ||
50 | +120 |
20 2 2. , , 4.10. 4.11 : 90 20 70 20 120 20 50. ϳ (. 4.10). . . :
α 1=0. : β 3 = 1, β 4 = 2, α 3 = 1 1 = 0, β 2 = 2 0 = 2,
α 2 = 3, β 1 = 7.
:
α 11 = β 1 α 1 c 11 = 7 0 7 = 6;
α 12 = β 2 α 1 c 12 = 2 0 8 = 6;
α 23 = β 3 α 2 c 23 = 1 + 3 9 = 5;
α 24 = β 4 α 2 c 24 = 2 + 3 8 = 3;
α 31 = β 1 α 3 c 31 = 7 0 9 = 2;
α 34 = β 4 α 3 c 34 = 2 0 6 = 4.
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αij < 0 .
4.10
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | ||
1 | |||||
2 | |||||
3 | |||||
:
f = 150 + 2110 + 4120 + 520 + 230 + 1140 = 1050.
, :
.
- (. 5.1). , , R .
F 2 F 3, 2, , , , , (. 5.1,).
( ) , , , .
5.1
L L. = [/2, (/2)] , , (. 5.1, )
(5.1.1)
.
:
. (5.1.2)
5.1,
(5.1.3, )
(5.1.3, )
(5.1.3, )
(5.1.3, )
(5.1.3) :
(5.1.4)
г (5.1.4) 2( ) EA/L 2 [15]. .
г (5.1.4) , . () . 2 . (. 5.1) dim K =88.
:
(5.1.4, )
R 1, R 2, R 3, R 4 , , ,, , , . , 2
. (5.1.5)
, (5.1.5) , 2, (5.1.5) :
. (5.1.5, )
R 2:
. (5.1.5, )
г (5.1.5, ) (5.1.5, ) ' :
(5.1.6)
. ϳ :
(5.1.7)
ϳ (5.1.4) (5.1.7)
(5.1.8)
, δ .
(5.1.8) .
, , [6]. , . , . , 5.2.
|
|
: L 1, L 2, L 3, L 4, 1, 2, 3, 4. , 1, 2, 3 4. , .
L 1 φ 1=150, L 2 , L 3 φ 3=126,874, L 4 φ 4=53,127.
5.2
:
1. (5.1.5):
) L 1 φ 1=150.
. (5.2.1, )
) L 2 φ 2=0.
. (5.2.1, )
) L 3 φ 3=126,874.
. (5.2.1, )
) L 4 φ 4=53,127.
. (5.2.1, )
2. : =2×1012 /2; 1= 2= 3= 4= =0,5 2; L 1=8 ; L 2=6 ; L 3= L 4=5 ( ). 5.2.1, ; 5.2.1, ; 5.2.1, ; 5.2.1, .
3. . 4 . , 8 8 :
(5.2.2)
, :
. (5.2.3)
(5.2.3) dim R = 8×1.
dim K = 8×8. (5.2.4)
, 4 1, 2, 3 4. .
(5.2.3) :
(5.2.5)
(5.2.5) (5.1.6) L 1. , 1 , . L 2, L 3 L 4.
4. .
1, .
1. 1 3 4.
. (5.2.6, )
2 1 4.
:
. (5.2.6, )
3 1 2. :
. (5.2.6, )
, L 4 2 4, 1 3. 1 , . :
. (5.2.6, )
5. (5.2.7):
R =å Ki, i = . (5.2.7)
(5.2.7) . :
= 1+ 2+ 3+ 4. (5.2.7, )
, . :
. (5.2.7, )
6. . 5.2 :
) 1 4 . , ;
) 2 䳺 2 = 1000 a = 60, 3 䳺 3 = 2000 b = 30.
5.3 5.4. :
();
();
();
().
5.3 5.4
(5.2.5) , .5.2.
(5.2.8)
(5.2.8) , . 5.2.
1. 2 3. , :
(5.2.9)
2. (5.2.9) = :
();
();
();
().
3. (5.2.10) (5.2.8):
)
();
)
();
)
();
)
().
4. .
(5.2.8) , .
|
|
, :
1. ;
2. .
:
) ;
) .
, (5.2.8) .
6.1
, ( Rk), k, .
6.1 [14]. . k.
ʳ, . ³, , ' , ( ) . ' , . +1 1 .
() ' (). :
= (, , ),
; ; ( ' ).
, ( ), .
S , . "" ' " ..." " ...". . 6.2 (b, c, e, f, c, d) (e, g) , (a, h) , h . , , . , . ʳ .
6.2
' , , ' - .
' ' .
=[ a,j ] , . β 1 α . , , ; . , . , : +1 , , 1 . , , . , . 6.3 , 4, 6.1.
6.3
6.1
b | d | f | g | ||||
1 | 1 | ||||||
+1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
+1 | 1 | 1 | +1 | ||||
+1 | +1 | +1 | |||||
+1 | 1 |