: 1) (Infinitive); 2) (Past Simple Tense); 3) (Past Participle). :
1) | to work worked worked | 2) | to eat ate eaten |
to open opened opened | to come came come | ||
to talk talked talked | to put put put | ||
to walk walked walked | to write wrote written | ||
to wait waited waited | to know knew known | ||
to look looked looked | to give gave given | ||
to stay stayed stayed | to take took taken |
, .
, , , ( ) -ed . Past Simple ( ) Past Participle ( ) .
Regular Verbs ( ).
. . (Irregular Verbs) . .
* * *
, -ed, . :
a) -ed [id] t, d. :
arrested
corrected
wanted ,
demanded
landed
b) -ed [d] ( d), . :
opened
informed
staved
played
continued
) -ed [t] (f, k, p, s, sh, x, ch) -t. :
cooked ,
helped
worked
pushed
sniffed ,
lunched
possessed
, -ed i. :
to carry carried
to try tried
to study studied
, , . ., i. :
to enjoy enjoyed ().
, , Past Simple Past Participle . :
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to stop stopped
to plan planned
to permit permitted
to sob sobbed (; ).
-r, :
1) r , , . :
to occur occurred ()
to prefer preferred ()
2) r , ( ). :
to appear appeared ()
to fear feared ()
, ed d. :
to live lived
to hire hired
to telephone telephoned
to like liked
to place placed
to move moved
* * *
. 200 . , . . .
( , ).
:
a) | to sing sang sung | b) | to speak spoke spoken |
to swim swam swum | to forget forgot forgotten | ||
to begin began begun | to take took taken | ||
to win won won | to give gave given | ||
to hold held held | to write wrote written | ||
c) | to sell sold sold | d) | to send sent sent |
to bring brought brought | to build built built | ||
to buy bought bought | to lend lent lent | ||
to teach taught taught | |||
e) | to put put put | f) | to be was, were been |
to set set set | to have had had | ||
to shut shut shut | to do did done | ||
to burst burst burst | to go went gone | ||
to spread spread spread |
. ( ).
:
a) ;
b) en Past Participle;
c) d t;
d) d t;
e) ;
f) .
. :
1) | to lie lay lain | , |
2) | to lay laid laid | , |
3) | to sit sat sat | |
4) | to set set set | , ; ; |
5) | to rise rose risen | ; ; |
6) | to raise raised raised | ; ; |
to lie | ||
1. | The chart always lies on that table. | . |
2. | I would like to lie down for a while. | . |
3. | I cannot fall asleep if I lie on my back. | , . |
to lay | ||
1. | Lay your hat on the chair. | . |
2. | He laid his binoculars on the shelf. | . |
3. | Right now I am laying the book on the desk. | () . |
to sit | ||
1. | Jack usually sits near the exit. | . |
2. | Let's sit down for a while. | (.: ). |
3. | Mr. Brown sat in a chair and read the paper. | - . |
to set | ||
1. | You should not set the lamp too near the curtain. | . |
2. | Don't forget to set the table. | (e) . |
3. | Steward has already set the table. | . |
to rise | ||
1. | The sun rises in the east. | . |
2. | The sun has not risen yet. | . |
3. | We watched the sun rise. | , . |
to raise | ||
1. | Children raise their hands to speak in class. | - , . |
2. | The landlord has raised the rent for our apartment. | . |
3. | His salary was raised by seven percent. | . |
, to lie, to sit, to rise , . . . to lay, to set, to raise , . . . :
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I lay down on the sofa. | . |
laid the book on the table. | . |
We can sit here. | . |
The steward set the plates on the table. | . |
Prices for consumer goods rise every month. | . |
Mr. Smith raised his employee's salary. | - . |
PAST SIMPLE (past indefinite tense)
, (Past Simple Tense) , . . (Regular Verbs, Irregular Verbs). -ed . :
I worked | we worked |
you worked | you worked |
he worked | they worked |
she worked | |
it worked |
( 200 ) , . . :
I swam | we swam |
you swam | you swam |
he swam | they swam |
she swam | |
it swam |
, . , .
(Past Simple Tense) , , . , , , . , . , . , .
, . . :
smoked a cigarette and left the house.
() .
listened to the radio for half an hour.
.
, , . :
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Jack wrote a letter to his mother twice a week.
.
, . :
turned off the radio and went to bed.
.
1. | Olga and I talked over the phone two days ago. | . |
2. | I sailed on board a passenger ship last year. | . |
3. | Igor scrubbed down the deck yesterday. | . |
4. | A dry cargo ship entered the port two hours ago. | . |
* * *
1. | Michael slept all day on Sunday. | . |
2. | Our ship left the port of Odessa last week. | . |
3. | The Chiefmate kept the watch yesterday. | . |
4. | I told John about my trip. | . |
Past Simple to do.
Past Simple did ( ) , ( to). :
did I work? | did we work? |
did you work? | did you work? |
did he work? | did they work? |
did she work? | |
did it work? |
Past Simple :
Yes, I did. | Yes, we did. |
Yes, you did. | Yes, you did. |
Yes, he did. | Yes, they did. |
Yes, she did. | |
Yes, it did. |
Past Simple :
No, I didn't. | No, we didn't. |
No, you didn't. | No, you didn't. |
No, he didn't. | No, they didn't. |
No, she didn't. | |
No, it didn't. |
didn't , . Past Simple:
No, I did not. | No, we did not. |
No, you did not. | No, you did not. |
No, he did not. | No, they did not. |
No, she did not. | |
No, it did not. |
1. | Did you work for the Shipping Company last year? | ( ) ? |
2. | Did George work in a factory last month? | ? |
3. | Did Ann tell you about her trip? | ? |
4. | Did Boris keep the watch last night? | ? |
5. | Did Olga give you her new telephone number? | () ? |
* * *
1. | Where did you live last year? I lived in Odessa last year. | ( ) ? . |
2. | Where did you work last month? I worked for the Shipping Company last month. | ? . |
Past Simple did not ( ) , to.
Past Simple to work:
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I did not work | we did not work |
you did not work | you did not work |
he did not work | they did not work |
she did not work | |
it did not work |
didn't .
1. | The ship didn't enter the port at night. | . |
2. | Henry didn't keep the watch yesterday. | . |
3. | It didn't snow last winter. | . |
4. | I didn't write letters last week because I was very busy. | , . |
FUTURE SIMPLE (futurE indefinite tense)
Future Simple ( ), , will ( shall) ( to). :
I will work | we will work |
you will work | you will work |
he will work | they will work |
she will work | |
it will work |
Future Simple. to work.
Ill work | we'll work |
you'll work | you'll work |
he'll work | they'll work |
she'll work | |
it'll work |
Future Simple ( ) . :
Will you write a letter tonight? Yes, I will.
Will he eat later? Yes, he will.
Future Simple not will. :
They will meet in 2 hours.
They will not meet in 2 hours.
won't (= will not), shant (= shall not). :
Shant we meet in 2 o'clock.
He won't be home tonight.
Future Simple , . :
Will you go to Boston? | No, I will not. No, I won't. |
Future Simple will . :
They will meet in 2 hours.
Will they meet in 2 hours?
1. | The motormen will relieve each other every four hours. | . | |
2. | You will enjoy the movie. | . | |
3. | I will finish that letter by four o'clock. | . | |
4. | I will wait for you downstairs. | . | |
* * * | |||
1. | I won't (will not) see Mary tomorrow. | . | |
2. | Our ship wont (will not) arrive at the port of Liverpool tomorrow. | . | |
* * * | |||
1. | Will the show last more than an hour? | ? | |
2. | Will you return by the end of the month? | ? | |
3. | Will my friend become a navigator? | ? |
GOING TO FUTURE
to be going + Infinitive . :
I believe it is going to snow.
, .
to be going + Infinitive , , . , , .
- .
:
1. | The ship is going to stay in the port for 3 days. | . |
2. | I'm going to become a motorman. | . |
3. | We are going to buy a color TV set. | . |
4. | He is going to go to the movies tonight. | . |
Present participle
(.: ) (Continuous Tense).
(Present Participle), , , : + -ing. : read-ing; go-ing; call-ing; talk-ing; listen-ing; look-ing.
, , , - . : come, : com-ing; write, : writ-ing; have, : hav-ing.
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, , -ing :
1. : stopstopping; putputting.
2. , : begin beginning; commit committing.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Present Continuous to be + (Present Participle) .
Present Continuous , . , , : Peter is reading a paper, , ( ) ( ). , - (. ., ), . : Peter reads a paper every morning. .
Present Continuous to be , . ., .
Present Continuous .
I am coming | am I coming? |
you are coming | are you coming? |
he is coming | is he coming? |
she is coming | is she coming? |
it is coming | is it coming? |
we are coming | are we coming? |
you are coming | are you coming? |
they are coming | are they coming? |
, Present Continuous , ( ) to be. :
Are you working? Yes, I m. No, I am not.
Is she coming? Yes, she is. No, she is not.
(wht, who, where . .), . :
Where are you going?
Who is coming?
Present Continuous to be. :
I'm going | we're going |
you're going | you're going |
he's going | they're going |
she's going | |
it's going |
1. | I am (I'm) writing a letter. | ( ) . |
2. | I am (I'm) sending a boat to you. | . |
3. | My anchor is dragging. | . |
4. | You are (you're) running into danger. | . |
* * *
1. | I am (I'm) not reading. | . |
2. | You are (you're) not keeping to your correct traffic lane. | . |
3. | I am not making way through the water. | . |
4. | The watch officer is not speaking with the boatswain now. | . |
, .
1. | The passenger ship is calling at the port of Naples now. | . |
2. | This passenger ship always calls at the port of Naples. | . |
3. | I am talking with her now. | . |
4. | I talk with her every day. | . |
PAST CONTINUOUS
Past Continuous to be (Present Participle) .
Past Continuous to work:
I was working | we were working |
you were working | you were working |
he (she, it) was working | they were working |
Past Continuous:
I was not (wasn't) working | we were not (weren't) working |
you were not (weren't) working | you were not (weren't) working |
he (she, it) was not (wasn't) working | they were not (werent) working |
Past Continuous:
was I working? | were we working? |
were you working? | were you working? |
was he (she, it) working? | were they working? |
Past Continuous , ( ). :
When I came on boad ship, the watch officer was talking to the pilot. | , . |
, was talking to the pilot (Past Continuous) , . . ( . , . . ).
1. | When we left the port of Odessa, it was raining. | , . |
2. | A tug was towing a passenger ship when the storm began. | , . |
3. | The cook was preparing the dinner when the boatswain entered the galley. | , . |
4. | The seamen were painting the hull of the ship when the tug approached the ship. | , . |
Past Continuous , ( , 6 . , . .). , , , .
1. | I was keeping watch on the navigating bridge yesterday at 6 a. m. | 6 . |
2. | It was raining all day long yesterday. | . |
3. | Where was your vessel staying at eight oclock last night? | ? |
4. | At that time our vessel was passing the lighthouse Rose. | . |
Past Continuous always (), constantly (), never (). Past Continuous . :
She was constantly complaining of being neglected by her friends. | , . |
Past Simple Past Continuous. , Past Continuous , (Past Simple). :
1. | The storm began when the passenger liner was crossing the English Channel. | , . |
(Past Continuous), (Past Simple). | ||
2. | When we were passing Hamburg, the weather became worse. | -, . |
3. | I was sleeping soundly when the officer knocked at the door. | , . |
4. | When the Master entered the Radio-room the radio-operator was receiving a message of distress. | , . |
5. | When Joe came home, his wife was preparing dinner. | , . |
Future Continuous
Future ontinuous will be (-ing form). :
I will be working | we will be working |
you will be working | you will be working |
he will be working | they will be working |
she will be working | |
it will be working |
(I'll..., you'll..., she'll..., it'll..., we'll..., they'll) .
Future Continuous
I will not (won't) be working | we will not (won't) be working |
you will not (won't) be working | you will not (won't) be working |
he will not (won't) be working | they will not (won't) be working |
she will not (won't) be working | |
it will not (won't) be working |
Future Continuous
will I be working? | will we be working? |
will you be working? | will you be working? |
will he be working? | will they be working? |
will she be working? | |
will it be working? |
Future Continuous , ( Present Simple). Future Continuous , .
1. | If you call him at seven, he will be watching the news. | , ( ) . |
2. | I'll be working when you return. | , ( ). |
3. | A tug will be leaving the harbour, when our ship arrives. | , . |
Present Continuous ( , to go, to come, to leave, to return etc.). , (tomorrow, tonight, next week, next Friday etc.). :
Our vessel is arriving at the port of London today. | . |
The seamen are painting the hull of the ship the whole day tomorrow. | . |
PRESENT PERFECT
Present Perfect to have (Past Participle) . :
I have worked | we have worked |
you have worked | you have worked |
he has worked | they have worked |
she has worked | |
it has worked |
, Present Perfect. to work.
I've worked | weve worked |
you've worked | you've worked |
he's worked | theyve worked |
she's worked | |
it's worked |
Present Perfect :
) , , - . :
1. | 35 countries have signed the Helsinki Agreement. |
35 . | |
Present Perfect , . | |
2. | I have slipped my anchor in position |
... | |
. ., ( ). | |
3. | I have lost a man overboard. |
. | |
. . ( ). | |
4. | My radar has become inoperative. |
. | |
, ( ). |
b) Present Perfect , , . . :
1. | I have known our Chief-mate for five years. |
. | |
2. | We havent called at this port since last summer. |
. |
, (, , to live, to work, to study, to teach, to read, to write, to travel), Present Perfect , ( b), Present Perfect Continuous (have/has been + (Present Participle)). :
I have (I've) been working | we have (we've) been working |
you have (you've) been working | you have (you've) been working |
he has (he's) been working | they have (they've) been working |
How long have you lived (have you been living) here? | ? |
I have lived here since 1972. | 1972 . |
I have been living here since 1972. | 1972 . |
I have lived here for nine years. | . |
I have been living here for nine years. | . |
c) Present Perfect ever (-), never (). :
1. | Has he ever studied English? |
No, he has never studied English. | |
- ? | |
, . | |
2. | Have you ever visited the Louvre? |
No, I have never visited the Louvre. | |
- ? | |
, (.:... ). |
1. | Our ship has left the port of Glasgou. | . |
2. | We have been to Australia. | . |
3. | We have had our breakfast. | () . |
4. | I have forgotten her name. | . |
5. | John has stayed home. | . |
Present Perfect not to have. :
I have been in Paris.
I have not been in Paris.
1. | We have not left the harbour yet. | . |
2. | I have not found my wallet. | . |
3. | The Master has not been sick. | . |
4. | Our boatswain has not been to London this year. | . |
Present Perfect to have . :
has worked all day.
Has he worked all day?
1. | Has the radio-operator received an urgent message? | ? |
2. | Have you read that book? | ? |
3. | Have you met your old friend? | ? |
* * * | ||
Have you ever studied English? | - ? | |
Yes, I have. | . | |
No, I havent. | . | |
No, Ive never studied English. | , . |