5.
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network interface card (NIC). , , .
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NIC , Media Access Control (MAC) . . 쳺, NIC .
end-user .
ֳ end-user . : , 璺, , . , (repeaters), (hubs), (bridges), (switches) (routers).
(repeater) , . (repeater) (attenuation). , .
(hubs) , . ᒺ , , . ᒺ , . hubs , .
(bridges) , , . , 쳺, 璺 LANs. 璺 LANs, . .
. , , . , , .
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5.1. Network interface card (NIC)
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, ( ), , (ISA, EISA, VESA, PCI, PCMCIA), 䳺 .
, ' 10BASE2, 10BASE5 10BASE-T. 10BASE2, BNC-., BNC-. BNC- . ' , ' . ', .
15- AUI-, ' 15- (DB-15) 璿 . 璿 RJ-45. RJ-45 8 (. 7). .
. 7. RJ-45
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- Ethernet, Token Ring FDDI;
, , wireless -;
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NIC
Internet network interface card (NIC) .
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1. . .
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4. 璺 . .
5. . , ' / , ' ', 㳿.
6. ѳ , . 㳿 . . , 㳿.
. 㳿: (broadcast) (token passing).
Broadcast , , , (), . , . , . Ethernet, Xerox.
㳺 token passing. Token passing , . , . , , . , : Token Ring ( ) Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI , , ). г Token Ring FDDI ARCnet ( Datapoint, Attached Resource Computer Network , ᒺ ). ARCnet- 㳿.
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6.
1960-, / . , . , 300 /, 30 .
1970-, Bulletin Board Systems (BBS). ֳ BBS 璺 (discussion board).
300 / , . 1980- 300 / . 1990- 9600 / 56 000 / 1998 .
볺 Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) 볺 . ֳ . 璺 . Internet .
7. TCP/IP. PING
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) - 䳿 .
TCP/IP . , , Windows Mac.
ping Internet 璺. 䳿 , , '.
ping IP , (multiple), . . ping . . ping NIC /, CP/IP . , :
ping 127.0.0. 1 loop back CP/IP NIC /.
ping IP address of host computer , IP ' .
ping default-gateway IP address - , , 璺 .
ping remote destination IP address
8. Web- plug-ins
- . Web-, , ' . , Internet.
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Web- (Web-) - , ' . Web- ' . Microsoft Internet Explorer, Netscape Navigator, Opera. , HTTP, FTP, , , Java, , Telnet Gopher.
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Web- 䳿:
ǒ Web-.
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.
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, . () . ֳ :
Flash- Shockwave- (Flash player, Shockwave player) Macromedia Flash;
Adobe Acrobat Reader - , PDF (Adobe Portable Document Format - Adobe);
Quick Time , 㳺 Apple;
Windows Media - , - -;
Real Player .
, , Flash plug-in :
Web- Macromedia;
*.exe (flash32.exe);
Web-.
ֲ
1. Zakon R.H. Hobbes' Internet Timeline 10 [ ]. : http://www.zakon.org/robert/internet/timeline/. . .
2. Zakon R.H. Hobbes' Internet Timeline v6.1 [ ]. : http://home.al.ru/zakon/. . .
3. WWW growth summary compiled from Netcraft [ ]. : http://news.netcraft.com/archives/category/web-server-survey// . .
4. [ ]. : http://wiki.kspu.kr.ua/index.php/ . .
5. INTERNET USER FORECAST BY COUNTRY [ ]. : http://www.etforecasts.com/products/ES_intusersv2.htm . .
6. i Internet [ ]. : http://www.sumdu.edu.ua/cources/service/metod.html . .
7. Internet [ ]. : http://school.ciit.zp.ua/internet-htm/index.html . .
8. FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL (FTP) [ ]. : ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc959.txt . .
9. .., .. : ϳ. - .: , . .-. -, 2006. - 252 . (ISBN 966-629-213-0). ̳ ( 14/18.2-2309 24.10.05 .).
10. .., .. . ϳ / . .. - .: , 2003. 400 ., . (ISBN 966-7223-27-7). ̳ ( 14/18-2-706 04.04.02).
11. . . ' : ϳ. - : " ", 2006. 264 . (ISBN 966-8340-69-8). ̳ (14/18--130 29.05.2006 .).
12. ó .., ó .. . . / : Ų , 2004. - 180 .
13. .. : . : , 2001. 138 . ISBN 966-7123-63-4.
Ѳ
I. .
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