, | |||
22 + 2 = 2+ 2 | = 0,413 | ≈7 | |
2 | 2++ 2 = 2 | = 0 | 0 |
2 + 22 + 4 = 4 | = 0,816 | ≈7 | |
2 +4++4 = 22 | = 1,229 |
.
1. ( < 0,413 ): Li, Rb, Cs, Ba, Sr, Ca, Na, Mg, Al, Ti, Zr, Mn,Cr, Zn, Fe. .
2. : Cd, In, Tl, Co, Ni, Mo, Pb, W (0,413 < < 0 ). , , , .
3. (0 < < 0,816 ): Bi, Sb, Re, Tc, Cu, Ag, Rh. .
4. (0,816 < < 1,229 ): Hg, Pd, Ir, Pt. .
5. ( >1,229 ): Au. .
, . . , , .
, .
1. . , (. 10.2.1).
2. , . , , .
3. . , .
4. . :, , , , , .
:, , , , , , ( , ).
.
, .
, .
5. ( ).
6. . . .
|
|
1.
,
Fe()+ 2O() = Fe() + 2(),
700 º p H2O=6 p H2=1.
. ∆ G <0. p H2=1, ∆ G :
∆ G= ∆ G 0 RT ln p H2O.
Δ G = Δ Δ S.
Δ Δ S , :
=
= ( 263,68 +0) (0241,84)= 21,84 ,
=
= (58,79+130,6) (27,15+188,84)= 26,61 /,
Δ G 0 = 21840 973(26,61)= 4051,5 ,
∆ G= 4051,5 8,314 · 973 ln6= 10404,36 .
, 700 º .
2
, ? . ?
. (0,763 ), (0,403 ). , .
: Zn0 2 e = Zn2+;
:
2H+ + 2 e = H2,
O2 + 2H2O + 4 e = 4OH.
, Zn(OH)2.