) Pb + HNO3 →
) S + HNO3 →
) P + H2SO4 →
) Mg + H2SO4 →
) + N3() → + + 2.
: N2O , ( Li...Al);
N , (Mnb);
NO2 , ( ).
| : ) Pb + HNO3 → S + HNO3 → ) P + H2SO4 → Mg + H2SO4 → | ) Pb0 + HN+5O3 = . . = Pb+2(NO3)2 + N+2O + H2O Pb0 2ē = Pb+2 3 N+5 + 3ē = N+2 2 3Pb0 + 2N+5 = 3Pb+2 + 2N+2 |
-:
3Pb0 + 2HN+5O3() = 3Pb+2(N+5O3)2 + N+2O + H2O.
2 NO, 3 Pb(NO3)2, 6NO 
N+5, 6 HNO3:
6HNO3 () + 3Pb0 + 2HNO3() = 3Pb(NO3)2 + 2NO + H2O
HNO3 (42):
3b + 8HNO3() = 3Pb(NO3)2 + 2NO + 42.
) + HNO3() → , + NO2 + (2):
B → H3B+3O3; P → H3P+5O4; S → H2S+6O4; Se → H2Se+6O4;
Si → H2Si+4O3; C → H2C+4O3; As → H3As+5O4.
So + HN+5O3() = 2S+6O4 + N+4O2 + H2O
. .
- Sº 6ē = S+6 1
- N+5 + ē = N+4 6
Sº + 6N+5 = S+6 + 6N+4
S + 6HNO3() = 2SO4 + 6NO2 + 2H2O.
) + H2SO4() → , + SO2 +(2O); . ).
P0 + H2S+6O4() = 3+54 + S+4O2 + H2O
. .
- P0 5ē = P+5 2
- S+6 + 2ē = S+4 5
20 + 5S+6 = 2P+5 + 5S+4
2P + 5H2SO4() = 234 + 5SO2 + 2H2O.
) + H2SO4() → + (H2S, S, SO2)
( ) + 2.
H2S ,
(LiAl),
S , (Mnb),
SO2, ( ).
Mg0 + H2S+6O4() = Mg+2SO4 + H2S-2 + H2O.
. o.
- Mg0 2ē = Mg+2 4
- S+6 + 8ē = S-2 1
4Mg0 + S+6 = 4Mg+2 + S-2
() :
4H2SO4() + 4Mg + H2SO4() = 4MgS4 + H2S + 4H2O
|
|
|
4Mg + 5H2SO4() = 4MgS4 + H2S + 4H2O.
.
.
1.) 5∙10-4 . .
:
Al
 = 5∙10-4 /
|
:
 =  + 
|
 ?
|
. 11.1 :
= 1,67 .
, :
Al 3ē = Al3+.
n , .
n Al3+(n = 3). Al2(SO4)3:
= 
∙ α ∙ 
.
Al2(SO4)3 .
, α = 1. Al2(SO4)3.
Al2(SO4)3 = 2Al3+ + 3SO 
Al3+, Al2(SO4)3, 2.
, 
= 2.
= 5∙10-4∙1∙2 = 
/.
:
= -1,67 + 
= 1,73 .
: 
= 1,73 .
) , , 0,75 . .
:
Zn
 = 0,75
|
:
 =  +  .
|
 ?
|
:
= 
. 11.1 :
= 0,76 , n Zn2+ (n = 2).
= 
= 0,338.
= 100,339 / = 2,18 /
: 
= 2,18 /.
2. (), , . . .
, .
. 11.1 
= 0,14 .
