At the maternity hospital (Gynecologists examination)
Woman: Good morning, doctor. My name is Helen McLean.
Doctor: What is the matter with you?
W: I think Im pregnant.
Dr: What are the symptoms?
W: I have not had menstruation 2 months already.
Dr: Have you done a pregnancy test?
W: Yeah, the answer was positive. There were two strips on the line.
Dr: Put off your clothes, please. Ill make a vaginal examination. Well . . My dear! I congratulate you! You are pregnant really!
W: Oh! Im so happy!
Dr: Ill measure your pelvic and examine your milk glands Everything is all right. Come to me in a week.
W: Thank you, doctor! Good-bye!
Dr: Good-bye.
: The stages of normal human birth. Obstetricians duties
:
| dilation - labor - effaced - , cervix contractions | expulsion - () pelvis - brim - to expel blood loss |
First stage: dilation
The first stage of labor starts classically when the effaced (thinned) cervix is 3 cm dilated. There is variation in
this point as some women may have active contractions prior to reaching this point, or they may reach this point without regular contractions.
Full dilatation is reached when the cervix is the size of the baby's head; at around 10 cm dilation for a term baby. The duration of labor varies widely, but active phase averages some 8 hours for women giving birth to their first child and 4 hours for women who have already given birth.
Second stage: expulsion
This stage begins when the cervix is fully dilated, and ends when the baby is finally birthed. At the beginning of the normal second stage, the head is fully engaged in the pelvis; the widest diameter of the head has successfully passed through the pelvic brim. Birth of the fetal head signals the successful completion of the fourth mechanism of labor.The second stage of labor will vary, depending on successful accomplishment of the preceding tasks.
Third stage: placenta
In this stage, the uterus expels the placenta (afterbirth). The placenta is usually birthed within 15-30 minutes of the baby being born. Maternal blood loss is limited by contraction of the uterus following birth of the placenta. Normal blood loss is 250-300 ml.
I. , . .
Stage of labor, the effaced cervix, active contractions, full dilatation, the duration of labor, finally birthed, engaged in the pelvis, the pelvic brim, the fetal head, expels the placenta, blood loss, contraction of the uterus.
II. .
1. The first stage of labor starts classically when the (thinned) cervix is 3 cm dilated.
2. At the beginning of the normal second stage, the head is fully engaged in the .
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|
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3. Birth of the fetal head signals the successful completion of the fourth mechanism of .
4. Maternal is limited by contraction of the uterus following birth of the placenta.
III. B A.
.
| A | B |
| 1. cervix | a. |
| 2. dilatation | b. |
| 3. duration | c. |
| 4. to give birth | d. |
| 5. the fetal | f. |
| 6. accomplishment | g. |
| 7. placenta | h. |
IV. The stages of normal human birth.
47-48. . . (NURSING IN PEDIATRICS. A NURSE CASE MANAGER)
. Pediatric Nurse
:
| late adolescence - pediatric physician - preventative care - acute care developmental screenings - health care personnel . evaluation of results liaison | immunization chickenpox - ear infections - tonsillitis intravenous lines - they are admitted to the medical facility . prompt health care service . . infancy |
Pediatric nurses care for patients ranging from infancy to late adolescence. They work closely with other healthcare professionals, such as family doctors, pediatric physicians and other nurses, to provide preventative and acute care. Typical duties include conducting routine developmental screenings, "well child" examinations, administration of immunizations, and the diagnosis and treatment of common childhood illnesses, such as chickenpox, ear infections and tonsillitis. Pediatric nurses also work closely with patients' families, educating them about the role of health during child development and bringing awareness to issues that are vital during childhood, such as child disease prevention, proper nutrition, and growth and development. As they possess a strong understanding of the different emotional needs children have, these types of nurses play an important role in the treatment of young patients by putting them at ease and helping them to understand what they are going through.
They can be found working in hospitals, clinics and private practices. Depending on each patient's particular treatment plan, pediatric nurses job duties may include administering medications, placing intravenous lines on patients and administering other kinds of therapies.
