NH4+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Asv, [Hg2]2+, Sn2+ , .
(( HCl)=2,0/3). () AgCl, Hg2Cl2, PbCl2. , Pb2+ PbCl2.
(1) . (1) , , V, V, VI Pb2+.
(1) , . (2) Pb2+, K2Cr2O7 ʲ.
(2) AgCl Hg2Cl2. NH3H2O, , . (3) [Ag(NH3)2]Cl. HNO3 ʲ. Ag+.
(3) [gNH2]Cl+g .
(1) ᒺ (( H2SO4)=2,0/3), . (4) PbSO4.
(4) I, IV, V, VI SO4 .
(4) (w=30%), , .
(5) Pb2+, .
(5) BaSO4, SrSO4, CaSO4. 3-4 5-7. Na2C3 , . (6) Na+, SO42. .
(6) BaO3, SrO3, CaO3. . CH3COONa+K2Cr2O7. (7) BaCrO4. . (7) Sr2+, Ca2+, Cr2O72. Na2C3. (8) SrCO3+CaCO3. . (8) Na+, CrO4. .
(8), SrCO3+CaCO3, (( CH3COOH)=2,0/3). Sr2+ 䳺 . SrSO4. Ca2+ 4[Fe(CN)6]+NH3H2O(c=2,0/3)+NH4Cl 䳿 Ca2+ SO42 CaSO42H2O.
(4), , IV, V, VI Ca2+ .
(4) NaOH (( NaOH)=2,0/3) 22, . (9), V VI Mg(OH)2, MnO(OH)2, Fe(OH)3, SbO(OH)3, Bi(OH)3, Co(OH)3, Ni(OH)3, Cu(OH)3, Cd(OH)3, HgO. . (9) IV [Al(OH)6]3, CrO42, [Zn(OH)4]2, [Sn(OH)6]2, AsO43.
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(9) , 22, 2 , .
(10) SbO(OH)3. HCl, Sb5+ H2S Sb2S5.
(10) V VI . Mg2+, Mn2+, Fe3+, Bi3+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Hg2+. , . (11), Mg(OH)2, Mn(OH)2, Fe(OH)3, Bi(OH)3. .
(11) [(NH3)6]2+, [Ni(NH3)6]2+, [u(NH3)4]2+, [d(NH3)4]2+, [Hg(NH3)4]2+.
(11) NH4Cl+H2O2, . (12) MnO(OH)2, Fe(OH)3, Bi(OH)3. (12) Mg2+. N2HPO4+NH3H2O (c=2,0/3)+NH4Cl.
(12) . (13) MnO(OH)2. . (13) Fe3+ Bi3+. Fe3+ 4[Fe(CN)6] Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3 NH4SCN [Fe(SCN)3] .
Bi3+ Na2SnO2 NaOH.
(13) PbO2. 4+ HMnO4 7+. MnO4 , .
(11), VI , (( H2SO4)=6,0/3), Na2S2O3, . (14) Cu2S, HgS, S. (( HNO3)=3,0/3) , .
(15) HgS. () Hg2+ Na2SnO2 .
(14) Co2+, Ni2+, Cd2+. 2+ NH4SCN; Ni2+ ; Cd2+ H2S.
(15) (14) Cu2+. [Cu(NH3)4]2+ .
(9), [Al(OH)6]3, CrO42, [Zn(OH)4]2, [Sn(OH)6]2, AsO43, (( HCl)=2,0/3). Al3+, Cr2O72, Zn2+, AsO43, SnIV. ᒺ (=2,0/3) 22, . (18), Al(OH)3 Sn(OH)4. . (18) CrO42, [Zn(NH3)4]2+.
(18) (( HCl)=2,0/3). Al3+ . SnIV Fe, Sn2+ Hg2+ .
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(18) (( H3C)=2,0/3), H3C. Cr2O72, Zn2+, AsO43. Na2CO3, , .
(19) Zn2(OH)2CO3. (( HCl)=2,0/3). Zn2+ (NH4)2S.
(19) CrO42, AsO43. CrO42 H2O2+H2SO4. H2CrO6 . .
AsO43 (NH4)2MoO4 H2SO4. (NH4)3AsO412MoO3.
(4), I, IV, V, VI , K2CO3 , NH3. (20), , , IV, V, VI . . (20) . (20) Na+ +. (( H3C)=2,0/3). Na+ - - .
(4) Na2CO3 NH3. (21), , , IV, V, VI . . (21) . + Na+. (21) (( H3C)=2,0/3). K+ Na3[Co(NO2)6] NaHC4H4O6.