Придаточные предложения бывают:
а) подлежащими (союзы that, whether)
That he won't come is sure. – То, что он не придёт, не вызывает сомнения;
б) сказуемыми (союзы if, whether)
The question is if (whether) she will come. – Вопрос в том, придёт ли она;
в) дополнительными (that, whom, what, which)
I know that she won't come. – Я знаю, что она не придёт;
г) определительными (which, that, who, as, whose, when, where, why, how)
Here is the man who has spoken to you over the phone. – Вот человек, который разговаривал с вами по телефону;
д) обстоятельственными:
- времени (after, before, when, while, since, until, till, as);
- условия (if, whether, unless);
- места (where);
- причины (as, because);
- образа действия (as, as if, as though);
- цели (lest, so … that, in order that);
- сравнительными (as … as, than).
You'll ask her about it, when she returns. – Ты спросишь её об этом, когда она вернётся.
As it was hot we decided to have a swim. – Так как было жарко, мы решили искупаться.
I don’t know where he is now. – Я не знаю, где он сейчас.
Таблица времён английского глагола (Активный залог)
| Время
| Simple (Indefinite) (факты, повторяющиеся действия) | Continuous (Progressive) (действие, происходящее в данный момент) | Perfect (предшествование данному моменту, законченность) | Perfect Continuous (действие, начавшееся в какой-либо момент и продолжающееся до другого данного момента, часто включая его) |
| Present | I show He shows We show Маркеры: usually, always, sometimes, often, seldom, as a rule, every day (week, year), twice a year |  I am
He is showing
We are
Маркеры: now, at this moment
|  I have
He has shown
We have
Маркеры: today, this week / year/ month /, already, ever, never, yet, just, for a long time, for two hours, up to now, since
| I have
He has been showing
We have
Маркеры: for an hour (month), for a long time since 9 o’clock, since last year, these two weeks. all my life, how long …
|
| Past |  I
He showed
We
Маркеры: yesterday, the day before yes terday, last week, a few days ago, the other days, in 1945, during the war
| I was
He was showing
We were
Маркеры: at that time, at 2 o’clock yesterday, at noon, at midnight, while, the whole evening, all day long, from nine till eleven
| I
He had shown
We
Маркеры: by that time, by two o’clock, by Sunday, by the end of the year / month
| I
He had been showing
We
Маркеры: for an hour (month), for a long time since 9 o’clock, since last year, these two weeks. all my life, how long …
|
| Future | I
He will
We show
Маркеры:
tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, in a few days, next week (year), soon
| I shall (will)
He will be
We shall (will) showing
Маркеры: at that time, at 2 o’clock tomorrow, at noon, at midnight, while, the whole evening, all day long, from nine till eleven
| I shall (will)
He will have
We shall (will) shown
Маркеры: by that time, by two o’clock, by Sunday, by the end of the year / month
| I shall (will) have
He will been
We shall (will) showing
Маркеры: for an hour (month), for a long time since 9 o’clock, since last year, these two weeks. all my life, how long …
|
Примечание. Во временах группы Continuous не употребляются следующие глаголы: feel, like, see, hear, smell, understand, wish, want, think, be, know, mean. Вместо Continuous эти глаголы употребляются во временах Indefinite или Perfect.
Таблица времён английского глагола (Пассивный залог)
| Время | Simple | Continuous
| Perfect |
| Present |  I am
He is shown
We are
| I am He is being shown We were | I have
He has been shown
We have
|
| Past | I was
He was shown
We were
| I was
He was being shown
We were
| I had
He had been shown
we had
|
| Future | I shall (will)
He will be shown
We shall (will)
| Формы не существует | I shall (will)
He will have been
We shall (will) shown
|
Таблица неправильных глаголов
| Infinitive | Past Indefinite | Participle II | Перевод |
| be | was, were | been | быть |
| become | became | become | становиться |
| begin | began | begun | начинать |
| blow | blew | blown | дуть |
| break | broke | broken | ломать |
| bring | brought | brought | приносить |
| build | built | built | строить |
| buy | bought | bought | покупать |
| catch | caught | caught | ловить |
| choose | chose | chosen | выбирать |
| come | came | come | приходить |
| do | did | done | делать |
| draw | drew | drawn | рисовать |
| dream | dreamt | dreamt | мечтать |
| drink | drank | drunk | пить |
| eat | ate | eaten | есть |
| fight | fought | fought | сражаться |
| find | found | found | находить |
| fly | flew | flown | летать |
| forget | forgot | forgotten | забывать |
| forgive | forgave | forgiven | прощать |
| freeze | froze | frozen | замерзать |
| get | got | got | получать |
| give | gave | given | давать |
| go | went | gone | идти |
| grow | grew | grown | расти |
| have | had | had | иметь |
| hear | heard | heard | слышать |
| hide | hid | hid, hidden | прятать |
| keep | kept | kept | держать |
| know | knew | known | знать |
| leave | left | left | покидать |
| Infinitive | Past Indefinite | Participle II | Перевод |
| let | let | let | позволять |
| lose | lost | lost | терять |
| make | made | made | делать |
| meet | met | met | встречать |
| put | put | put | класть |
| read | read | read | читать |
| ring | rang | rung | звонить |
| run | ran | run | бежать |
| say | said | said | говорить |
| see | saw | seen | видеть |
| sell | sold | sold | продавать |
| send | sent | sent | посылать |
| shake | shook | shaken | трясти |
| shoot | shot | shot | стрелять |
| show | showed | shown | показывать |
| sing | sang | sung | петь |
| sit | sat | sat | сидеть |
| sleep | slept | slept | спать |
| sow | sowed | sown | сеять |
| speak | spoke | spoken | говорить |
| spend | spent | spent | тратить |
| stand | stood | stood | стоять |
| sweep | swept | swept | мести |
| swim | swam | swum | плыть |
| take | took | taken | брать |
| teach | taught | taught | учить |
| tell | told | told | рассказывать |
| think | thought | thought | думать |
| throw | threw | thrown | бросать |
| understand | understood | understood | понимать |
| wear | wore | worn | носить |
| win | won | won | выигрывать |
| write | wrote | written | писать |
Приложение
Цель преподавания дисциплины «Иностранный язык»:
- обучение иностранному языку как обязательному компоненту профессиональной подготовки современного специалиста любого профиля;
- системный подход к обучению иностранному языку;
- создание целостной системы обучения студентов иностранному языку на разных этапах обучения на основе индивидуального подхода;
- достижение общеобразовательных и воспитательных целей обучения на основе гуманизации обучения.
Задачи изучения дисциплины:
- формирование умений иноязычного общения, чтения, аудирования, письма;
- развитие самостоятельности студента, его творческой активности и личной ответственности за результативность обучения;
- развитие природных задатков.
