, .
. , , ( ) , . , , - . " " (bear hug) - ( ) - ; (proxy contest), , , , ; (tender offer) -; - (open market purchase/street sweeps) , , , *(671).
" " *(672). - ( 8 .), 1 . ., "" , . . , - , , , " ", .
. , ( ) ( ), . , *(673).
|
|
. - . , - 59 , 432 , 12 ( )*(674).
( ) : , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , .. , , , , , , .. ( ) .
, . , , "" "" .
. , , . 84, 30, 50 75% . , 30% (, ).
, "". , .
, , , , . 29 , 31 , . . 84 .
|
|
. 50- . XX . . . 2007 . , *(675). , - . .
, , , . , . , . , , " "*(676).
1881 ., 1932 ., 1956 ., 1969 .*(677)
. , , ( ) .
, *(678).
, , . () , , :
1. " " (Pump&dump) - , , . , , , , . , . , .
2. (Pyramid Schemes) , -, . .
|
|
3. "" (The "Risk-free" Fraud) . , , , , , .
4. "" (Exotic Offerings) - , , , 15%- .
5. (Prime Bank Fraud) , , , .
6. (Touting) - , , . : , , , .
, , , *(679).
, , . 28 2003 . N 2003/6 " " (Directive 2003/6/EC of the European Parlament And Of The Council of 28 January 2003 on insider dealing and market manipulation (market abuse)).
, - .
, . - , , .
1980 . (CompanyAct) , *(680). 1985 . , , (Company Securities (Insider Dealing) Act). 1993 . V .
. 52 . :
) , , , ;
|
|
) , ;
) , , , .
57 , . :
) , , ;
) , .
(primary) , , , (secondary or tippee) , .
. 59 (professional intermediary) - , . , , - , .
56 () . :
) ;
) ;
) ;
) .
, .
, .
" , , . . , , .
, , . . , , , , . " ( - ..)*(681)
V . . 3 . 52 , . . 1 . 60 *(682).
, , , , . , , . , .
, . , , , . *(683).
, . , " " , , , , , . , , , *(684).
|
|
. 285 (. XI . 3 " , ") , " , , , , , "*(685).
. , , , , , , , - 6 5 . , , *(686).
1 1989 . , Shoken Torihikiho. 6 / 500 . .
- "Company Racketeering" ()*(687).
" - " - , ( 1988 . 1,19 . .). , . , . . "" , " ".
"Company Racketeering)) - , 1988 . 550 . . , , . . . , *(688). , .
, , ( ) (Companies Act), 1961 . , . 1975 . (New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria Western Australia) - (Securities Industry Acts), .
(Australian Corporations Act), 2001 . - , , - - , , .
, . , 1 . . 200 . . 5 .
, , ( 14 - " "). , ( 20 - " ").
1984 . (Insider Trading Sanctions Act), 1988 . - (Insider Trading and Securities Fraud Enforcement Act.).
.
, . 243.2 ( ) 1 , , :
1) - , , ;
2) ;
3) - *(689).
2007 . ( Goldman Sachs Group () . . , 6,7 . . *(690), Air Berlin () . , - 1,5 . ) , .
. , , . . , , , , , . , , , . "BASF" *(691).
, , , , , , - .
- , . , *(692).
, . , , , , . , .
( ), .
2007 . .
"Societe Generale" 4,9 . ( 7,16 . . ) ( ).
- . . , , "" 2010 . 300 . . , (, 320 .), - 20 . , . , , , , ( , ).
. , , , . , . , , , . "" .