.


:




:

































 

 

 

 





, .. .

, , . :

, , ( );

, , , ;

, ;

.

. 2 3 , . , 4 , .. . , , :

;

;

, , ;

, ;

, (, , ..); ( , , , , ..).

:

1 . .

2 . .

. , , . :

;

;

.

, , .

, , . : 4 ( , ) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. ( 2):

2* 2 = 4 4: 2 = 2

2* 3 = 6 3* 2 = 6 6: 2 = 3 6: 3 = 2

2* 4 = 8 4* 2 = 8 8: 2 = 4 8: 4 = 2

2* 5 = 10 5* 2 = 10 10: 2 = 5 10: 5 = 2

2* 6 = 12 6* 2 = 12 12: 2 = 6 12: 6 = 2

2* 7 = 14 7* 2 = 14 14: 2 = 7 14: 7 = 2

2* 8 = 16 8* 2 = 16 16: 2 = 8 16: 8 = 2

2* 9 = 18 9* 2 = 18 18: 2 = 9 18: 9 = 2

( ) . (, 2* 4 = 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 8) (, 2* 4 = 2* 3 + 2 = 8). ( ) . (, 4* 2 = 8, .. 2* 4 = 8). ( ) ( , ). (, 8: 2 = 4, .. 2* 4 = 8). , .. . , . , , . , ( ), , . , , , ( ) , .. . , 36 .

 

2* 2 =4 3* 3 = 9 4* 4 = 16 5* 5 = 25 6* 6 = 36 7* 7 = 49

3* 2 =6 4* 3 = 12 5* 4 = 20 6* 5 =30 7* 6 = 42 8* 7 = 56

4* 2 = 8 5* 3 = 15 6* 4 = 24 7* 5 = 35 8* 6 = 48 9* 7 = 63

5* 2 = 10 6* 3 = 18 7* 4 =28 8* 5 = 40 9* 6 = 54

6* 2 = 12 7* 3 = 21 8* 4 = 32 9* 5 = 45

7* 2 = 14 8* 3 = 24 9* 4 = 36

8* 2 = 16 9* 3 = 27

9* 2 = 18

 

8* 8 = 64 9* 9 = 81

9* 8 = 72

. , . , , . . :

. . , , , . , 2, 3, 4, (, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, .; 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, )

( ). , , .

. , , .. , , 2* 8 = 16 8* 2 = 16. .

, (, , 2*8 = 16 8*2 = 16, , 16 = 2*8 16 = 8*2) . ( ), ( ). , , , : 12 2 6, 6 2, 3 4, 4 3.

, . , , , 2* 8 = 16, 8* 2 = 16, 16: 2 = 8, 16: 8 = 2. , , .

. , , , .

 

 

. , , , , . 2. .

 

, , . , , . :

;

;

;

;

;

;

.

, . , . . , , .

 

 

1. .. . : . - .: , 2007.

2. . . : . - .: , 1998.

3. . . : . - .: , 1999.

1. .. // , 1982, 8

2. .., .. . ., 1984

3. .. // , 1979, 2

4. .. // , 1981, 1

5. .. // , 1982, 10

6. .. // , 1983, 10

7. .. // , 1982, 2

8. .. // , 1985, 10

9. .. // , 1983, 10

10. .. // , 1983, 1

11. .. // , 1984, 3

12. .. // , 1985, 12

13. .. // , 1982, 3

 





:


: 2015-10-19; !; : 20153 |


:

:

: , , , , .
==> ...

1496 - | 1371 -


© 2015-2024 lektsii.org - -

: 0.016 .