: ↔ + + -.
(): :
- ;
[KA] - ;
a - .
[K+] = aC; [A-] = aC; [KA] = C - aC = C(1 - a)
:
,
, , a → 0, . = a2,
a2 = ./;
. . : ( ) . , (a).
4.2. . .
( )
. : 2 + 2 ↔ 3+ + -
: 2 ↔ + + -
.
, 22-25 1 10-7 2. , [H+] = [OH-] = 10-7 /. , : [H2O] = 1000/18 = 55,56/. , 22-25 = 1,8210-16.
+ - :
W = [H+][OH-]
W = 10-7∙10-7 = 10-14. W = 10-14 = 22-25.
+ -, .
[H+] = [OH-], .. [H+] = 10-7 / - ;
[H+] > [OH-], .. [H+] > 10-7 / - ;
[H+] < [OH-], . [H+] < 10-7 / - .
, , , . , .
, :
.
.
. = -lg+.
- . = -lg -.
, 22-25: +∙- = 10-14.
, :
-lg (CH+∙COH-) = -lg10-14.
, 10:
1g10x = , lg10-x = -.
:
-lgCH+ -lgCOH- = 14
+ = 14 = 22-25
+ = 13,6 37
|
|
= 14 = 14 22-25
, ., a, - . .
:
+ = a
-lg+ = -lga - lg
= a + -, = -lg,
a = -lga; = - lg
:
+ = a-.
:
a:
- :
. :
= ½ ( + -),
= -lg; - = -lg-.
:
a = 1 = a + -, .. a = -lga = -lg1 = 0 :
= -
- = a.
-lgCOH- = -lga lg.
= a + ., a = -lga; . = - lg.
:
- = a.
, :
= ½ ( + .) - ,
= -lgCOH-
= -lg
. = -lg.
a = 1, lga = 0, = .
+ 22.
- . - , , .
37
7,36 0,05 | 1,0 0,1 | 6,4 0,4 | 6,6 0,3 | 6,9 0,4 |
.
- : , , .